It is used as a daily supplement to the diet of dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets and minks to eliminate and prevent the adverse effects that arise from unbalanced feeding. The dog's diet should contain meat and bone meal in an amount of up to 100 grams. per day, depending on the weight and age of your pet.

Composition: proteins, amino acids, fats, vitamins: E, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B12, macroelements: calcium (contains on average 8.4-13.2%), phosphorus (contains on average 8.4- 13.2%), potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, trace elements: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine.

Small historical excursion regarding dog nutrition. According to approximate historical data, a dog has lived next to a person for about 50,000 years, i.e. man has been feeding the dog for many thousands of years. The question is, how did canids survive without commercial food and why were they healthier than today's animals? Feed has only existed for the last 40-50 years and it is precisely in last decades There is an increase in the number of chronic animal diseases, when it is practically impossible to find a healthy pet. This is noticed by the owners themselves, whose dogs 20-30 years ago were not so seriously and seriously ill, when, before they were born, the puppy wanders around clinics in Moscow or your city in a vain search for a solution to a health problem.

Daily addition of meat to the feed bone meal in animal feeding will allow:

Increase productivity

Enrich feed with proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and increase their nutritional value

Normalization of metabolism

Reduce feed costs

Applicable:

To replenish calcium and phosphorus deficiency during the formation and replacement of teeth

For the proper growth and development of puppies, kittens, rabbits, ferrets and minks, poultry

To prevent musculoskeletal diseases

Locomotor system in adult and aging animals and poultry

For recovery after physical activity

For the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies B5 and B12 - with insufficient lactation in females

To restore the appearance after childbirth and breastfeeding

For the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders - to improve immunity

To improve the productivity of poultry and animals

Meat and bone meal partially replaces meat in dog diets, feeding adult dogs no more than 100 g per day as part of the diet. Dogs are gradually accustomed to this supplement by feeding it mixed with other foods.

For 10 kg. animal weight:

Puppies - 23 gr. bone meal;
- Adult dogs 10-15 g. or if present in the diet raw bones you can not give at all;
- Pregnant dogs require increased dosage adult dog by 10% in the first half of pregnancy and by 20% in the second half, from the norm for an adult dog outside pregnancy;
- Lactating dogs in the I-II weeks of lactation - by 50%, III-V weeks of lactation - by 70% of the norm for an adult dog when not feeding puppies.

An example of calculating the dose of vitamin or mineral supplement for a puppy

It is necessary to select a dose of meat and bone meal for a puppy weighing 24 kg.

Let's make a proportion:

For 10 kg of weight ----------- 23 gr. bone meal
For 24 kg of weight ----------- X gr. bone meal
X = (24 kg x 23 g): 10 kg
X = 552:10
X = 55.2 g.

Answer: A 24 kg puppy needs 55.2 grams per day. meat and bone meal - 6 level teaspoons.

A level teaspoon of bone meal corresponds to 8-10 grams.

It is most beneficial to add this food little by little to the soup (cooled), especially for young animals, puppies and lactating bitches. At the same time, meat and bone meal increases the content of mineral elements, especially calcium and phosphorus in the optimal proportion of 1: 1.6 in the dog’s body.

Male rabbits weighing 4 kg are given 5-15 g of meat and bone meal per day. The diets of pregnant rabbits must contain bone and meat and bone meal in an amount of 5-8 g per head per day.

Meat and bone meal - a valuable feed additive for all types of poultry. Adult birds are fed from 6 to 12 g per day.

Composition of grade 3 meat and bone meal per 100g:

Proteins - no less than 36%

Fats at least 5%

Amino acids - no less than 34%

Including the irreplaceable:

lysine - no less than 1.84%,

methionine - not less than 0.53%,

threonine - not less than 1.2%,

tryptophan - not less than 0.35%,

arginine - not less than 2.3%,

leucine - at least 2%,

isoleucine not less than 1%,

glycine - not less than 2.52%,

histidine - not less than 0.5%.

Macronutrients:

Calcium not less than 9.5%

Phosphorus not less than 5%

Potassium - at least 1.2 g

Magnesium - at least 0.1 g

Sodium - not less than 0.15 g

Microelements:

Iron - at least 5 mg

Copper - at least 0.15 mg

Zinc - at least 8.5 mg

Manganese - not less than 1.2 mg

Cobalt - not less than 0.02 mg

Iodine - not less than 0.1 mg

Vitamins:

B1 - not less than 0.1 mg

B2- not less than 0.4 mg

B3 - not less than 0.3 mg

B4 - not less than 0.2 mg

B5 - not less than 4.6 mg

B12 - not less than 1.2 mcg

Used for feeding dogs feed products animal and plant origin, as well as all kinds of additives (mineral, vitamin, biologically active substances, etc.). The group of products of animal origin includes meat and meat by-products, milk, dairy products, fish, eggs, etc.

The share of these products in the diets of adult dogs is 30-40 percent of the total calorie intake. Meat is the most nutritious product, which is included in diets in the amount of 25-30 percent of the calorie content of the feed. Any meat is suitable for dogs: horse meat, beef, lamb, pork, game, poultry, etc. It should be kept in mind that raw meat is healthier than cooked meat.

Therefore, it should be at least 20-25 percent of the daily requirement. Fatty meats can cause digestive upset in dogs. Meat of small wild animals, rodents and birds is fed in the form of carcasses (raw or cooked) without skin, feathers and entrails. To avoid scratching the esophagus with tubular bones, the carcass is cut up, and the beak and claws of birds are removed.

However, such meat should be introduced into the diet gradually, first feeding it to relatively well-fed dogs, since hungry dogs, greedily eating this meat, can choke on the sharp tubular bones. Chemical composition meat varies sharply depending on the type of animal, as well as on fatness, age and gender.

The most proteins are in horse meat and lamb, the least in fatty pork. According to amino acid composition various types meat are not much different. The daily amount of meat for dogs is not the same and depends on age, gender, body weight, physiological state and work performed.

Approximate norm for an adult dog

The approximate norm for an adult dog with average physical activity with a body weight of 35 kg is 400 g, for a puppy from 20 days of age to 2 months - 80-200 g, from 2 to 4 months - 200-400 g, from 4 to 6 months - 400-500g and from six months to a year - 500-600g per head per day. Meat by-products are widely used to feed dogs.

By-products include: liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, brains, tongue, spleen, tripe, trachea, head, udder, meat trimmings, legs, tails, lips, ears, etc. Meat by-products make up up to 30 percent of the total calorie content daily ration. All by-products obtained from healthy animals and not signs of damage, fed raw. The composition and nutritional value of meat by-products are not the same. Liver is the richest source of vitamins. It also has high dietary qualities.

When liver is stored frozen, its vitamin A content decreases. Most often, liver is fed to dogs during mating, whelping, as well as to puppies and lactating bitches. The liver has a particularly beneficial effect on the body of dogs with anemia. It should be borne in mind that the liver sometimes contains germs of worms, so it can be fed raw only after special check. The heart is good source complete proteins, contains B vitamins. Kidneys are rich in vitamins A and B. Brains contain large amounts of fats and cholines. It is especially recommended to feed brains during the mating period and in case of violation fat metabolism in the dog's body. The udder contains a large amount of fat.

The spleen is rich complete proteins, and in terms of the content of essential amino acids it is close to muscle meat and liver. In addition, the spleen contains antibodies and enzymes. Early sign damage to the spleen - darkening of the color when cut. If a dog's diet contains too much spleen, it will cause black diarrhea. The lungs contain a large amount of connective tissue. They can be fed to dogs in significant quantities, gradually introducing them into the diet in a well-ground form to avoid vomiting.

If the stomachs of farm animals are sufficiently fresh, they can be fed raw. The most valuable parts of the stomach are the tripe and abomasum. You cannot feed dogs intestines that were accidentally purchased and not cleaned of contents; they are washed well and fed boiled.

The heads of slaughtered sheep and cattle are half bone. The squirrels of the heads have low performance digestibility. The heads contain a lot of fat, and feeding them to the young ensures good growth. Legs, ears, lips, tails contain little complete protein; they are fed in the diet with other foods as a source of calcium and phosphorus.

Bones are also used in feeding dogs.

They are fed to dogs of all ages, starting from 2-3 months of age. A long-term absence of bones in the diet leads to a general weakening of the dog’s skeleton; its own bones become loose, porous and brittle. Dogs should not be given bones after a long period of fasting caused by any gastrointestinal disease. Bones are used to prepare stew, broth and as additional feed and delicacy in raw form.

Remember that puppies and adult dogs should not be given tubular bones, which splinter into sharp pieces, which can lead to a perforation of the stomach. The importance of bones in a dog’s diet should also not be overestimated. Abuse of bones can lead to gastritis and constipation, since domestic dogs are limited in movement, so their digestive processes are slow, and bones clog the intestines.

Blood obtained from the slaughter of farm animals is fed to dogs at all times. age periods, starting from 2-3 months of age. Blood contains up to 22 percent complete, easily digestible proteins. In terms of the content of essential amino acids, blood is not inferior to muscle meat. Blood from healthy animals has bactericidal properties in the first hours after collection. Feeding blood to dogs prevents the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia, especially when used in fish diets.

Blood in diets can be fed raw, boiled, canned, and also in the form of fibrin (clotted blood). Fresh clean blood of cattle, horses and sheep is used for raw feeding within 3-5 hours after receiving it. Pig blood and blood obtained 5 hours before feeding are given only boiled. Dried blood (blood meal) is added to the diet of adult dogs without large quantities(no more than 50g per day). Blood can partially replace muscle meat if fed with cereals and vegetables.

Experience shows that dogs are reluctant to eat soup cooked with blood meal alone. Technical albumin, obtained from blood, is also fed to dogs in boiled form instead of meat. After cooking, albumin loses its specific medicinal smell. When dogs are overfed with blood, especially fibrin, protein poisoning occurs.

Meat and bone meal

Meat and bone meal is a source of high-value proteins and minerals for dogs. It is prepared from the by-products of farm animals, culled carcasses not suitable for human consumption, as well as from carcasses that have died from non-contagious animal diseases. Meat and bone meal contains up to 50 percent proteins and up to 25 percent minerals. Meat and bone meal can partially replace meat if you feed it to adult dogs no more than 100g per day.

Dogs are gradually accustomed to this food by feeding it in a mixture with other foods and no more than twice a week. It is most beneficial to add this food little by little to the soup, especially for young animals, puppies and lactating bitches. At the same time, meat and bone meal increases the content of mineral elements, especially phosphorus, in the dog’s body. Milk and dairy products in dog diets can replace part of the meat and account for 3-5 percent of the total calorie intake.

Milk contains all the essential nutrients. Cow, goat, sheep, mare, camel, buffalo and yak milk are used in feeding dogs. Milk is especially valuable for puppies, chipped and lactating bitches, as well as sick and malnourished dogs. Milk is fed raw. If there is a lack of milk in lactating bitches, newborn puppies begin to be fed cow's milk from 3-4 days of age, in other cases - from 15-20 days of age, starting from small quantity(50g), and by 3 months the norm is brought to 0.4-0.5 l per day.

Puppies are fed milk until they are 6 months old. Puppy and lactating bitches can be fed milk up to 1 liter per day. Along with raw milk, you can also feed fermented milk, which acquires antibiotic properties. Return (removed, skim milk) are also given to dogs raw and fermented. For adult dogs, this food is most often given in pasteurized or boiled form in quantities of up to 1 liter or more per day.

Skim milk is added to plant foods, which dogs eat more readily. Cottage cheese is a highly nutritious and easily digestible food. It is fed to both young animals and adult dogs. Puppies begin to be given cottage cheese from the suckling period, are taught gradually from a small amount, and by the age of 6 months the rate of cottage cheese is increased to 50-100 g per day.

Cottage cheese is fed to adult dogs instead of meat, and also as a dietary food for sick dogs up to 0.5 kg per day. Dogs whose diet does not contain meat are given 0.6-1 kg of cottage cheese per day. Salted cottage cheese is soaked in water for 15-20 minutes before feeding. It must be remembered that a large amount of cottage cheese can cause constipation.

From dairy waste

Whey and buttermilk are also fed to dogs from dairy waste. Whey contains a large amount of milk sugar. Most often, milk waste is used in the preparation of porridge. IN in kind these products can be used as laxatives. Buttermilk, due to its high lecithin content, serves as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases, anemia, etc. Technical casein is fed to dogs whose diet is dominated by plant food. It contains up to 80% proteins and can serve as a meat substitute.

Casein must be boiled before feeding. Keep in mind that dairy products should not be stored in galvanized containers. The combination of lactic acid with zinc causes catarrh of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as stomach and duodenal ulcers in dogs. Fish and fish waste are sources of complete proteins.

In terms of nutritional value, fish products are not inferior to meat and meat by-products. In addition to proteins, they contain highly digestible fats, vitamins A and D and many macro and microelements. The composition of fish feed varies depending on the type of fish, its age, and the fishing season. Fish waste has a lower protein content than whole fish. To feed dogs, they usually use small, unsalted fish, which are of little palatability for human consumption.

Fish waste must be of good quality. Otherwise, they can cause poisoning and illness in dogs. Many types of fish contain the enzyme thiaminase, which, when fed raw, causes B-vitaminosis in dogs. The largest amount of this enzyme is found in fish entrails and heads.

Therefore, feed raw fish necessary intermittently. On days when the dog's diet does not contain fish, they need to be given increased doses of thiamine. Some types of fish, such as whiting, hake, pollock, cod, haddock, etc. contain trimethylamine oxide, which binds iron in the diet and converts it into an indigestible form.

As a result, dogs develop a severe form of anemia and their coat color changes. Boiling fish eliminates it negative action. When feeding fish raw, it is necessary to use glandular preparations. Dogs are gradually accustomed to feeding fish in large quantities.

Large fish

Before cooking, large fish should be first cleaned of scales and entrails; small fish should be cooked until it is boiled and the bones become soft. Salted fish should be thoroughly soaked before cooking. Although fish serves as a source protein nutrition, cannot completely replace meat products.

Therefore, you cannot feed dogs only fish: it must be alternated with meat. For dogs, it is better to use sea fish, which can be fed both raw and boiled. In the composition of products of animal origin, fish feed should occupy no more than 3-5 percent of the total caloric content of the diet. Dogs are also fed fishmeal.

The most suitable for feed purposes is fishmeal, which contains no more than 10 percent fat and 22 percent minerals. Adult dogs are given no more than 50 g of fishmeal, puppies - no more than 20 g per day. Dogs eat fish oil, which is very rich in vitamins, quite willingly. More often fish oil fed to puppies to prevent rickets.

IN suckling period puppies are given a few drops of fish oil per day, at the age of 2 months - a teaspoon, after which the dose is adjusted to a tablespoon. Fish oil can be used as a dietary supplement.

If a dog develops diarrhea, fish oil should be immediately removed from the diet. Fish oil is fed to puppy and lactating bitches in the amount of 30-50 g, to male dogs during the mating period - 20-30 g per day. It is recommended to store fish oil in a dark place, since in the light vitamin D turns into a toxic substance - toxysterol. From animal products, dogs are also given eggs and animal fats. Raw chicken eggs given as additional nutrition to puppies, lactating bitches, sick dogs, male dogs during the mating period and instead of meat.

Animal fats

Animal fats are fed to dogs in the cold season as additional food to the main diet, no more than 20-25 g per day. Products of plant origin occupy the maximum share in dog diets and account for 60-70 percent of the daily energy requirement for adult animals. These include: cereal grains (oats, barley, millet, corn, etc.) in the form of flour, bread and cereals, as well as vegetables and root vegetables.

Grain legumes (peas, beans, lentils, etc.) are rarely used for feeding dogs: they are difficult to digest and their nutrients are poorly absorbed by the body. If dogs still have to be fed legumes, the latter must be ground and well boiled. In this case, their daily dose for adult dogs should not exceed 100g per day. Bread, cereals and cereal flour (oats, barley, wheat, millet, corn, buckwheat, rice) are characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, B vitamins and mineral elements, especially phosphorus.

Rye and wheat bread are primarily used to feed dogs. Wheat bread has higher calorie and protein content than rye bread. Bread is difficult to digest and lingers in the stomach for a long time (3-4 hours). For bread in digestive tract three times more enzymes are released than milk. The daily bread allowance for adult dogs is 200-300g, for puppies in the nursing period - 50-70g, for puppies older than one month - 100-150g.

Feeding bread in large quantities causes severe fermentation in dogs, gas formation in the intestines, and constipation. Bread is added to milk, stew, soup, and sometimes bread in its natural form is included in the diet. It is better to feed stale bread. Cereals, compared to bread, are richer in easily digestible carbohydrates and are the main food in a dog’s diet.

Well cooked oatmeal gives a significant amount of mucous decoction, which has a beneficial effect on digestion. The proteins of this cereal have lipotropic properties, which have positive influence for diseases of the liver and heart. The high fat content of oatmeal puts it in first place in terms of calorie content among other cereals. Before cooking, oatmeal must be crushed or soaked in cold water 6-8 hours before cooking, otherwise it is poorly digested.

"Hercules"

Hercules cereal has a very good effect on the dog’s body. Semolina has high digestibility. Corn grits are characterized by relatively low digestibility. Its distinctive property is the ability to inhibit the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. Corn grits contain relatively a lot of iron, copper and nickel, which has a beneficial effect on hematopoiesis. Millet contains a lot of nicotinic acid, copper, manganese and zinc.

When millet is stored for a long time, the fats it contains quickly oxidize, and the grain acquires a bitter taste. Buckwheat is rich in lecithin, which determines its use for liver disease. Pearl barley and barley grains have a significant fiber content. It is better to cook them in a mixture with millet and oatmeal.

The digestibility of nutrients from pearl barley and pearl barley is relatively low, but they contain a significant amount of iron and folic acid, which determines their use to stimulate hematopoiesis. Pearl barley is included in the diet of dogs for obesity and constipation. Rice for dogs is a dietary food.

Like oatmeal, when boiled it forms a significant amount of mucous decoction, which has a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal tract. The daily grain intake for adult dogs is on average 200-250g, for puppies during the suckling period - 30-50g, from 1 to 3 months - 80-100g, from 4 to 6 months - 120-150g. Flour for feeding dogs is used in the form of boiled mash. In terms of digestibility of nutrients, mash made from flour is inferior to cereal porridges and therefore is used quite rarely. Cereals and flour used in feeding dogs must be fresh. They shouldn't have musty smell, mold and there should be no bitter aftertaste.

Vegetables and root vegetables for dogs are an important source of vitamins, minerals, highly soluble sugar, starch, organic acids, pectin and fiber. These foods increase the secretion of the digestive glands and enhance their enzymatic activity, which improves digestion processes and increases the absorption of nutrients.

These properties make vegetables and root vegetables essential integral part dog diet. In the diet of adult dogs, the content of vegetables and root vegetables should be about 8-10 percent of the daily calorie intake.

Dogs are given potatoes, carrots, cabbage (fresh and pickled), beets, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, carrot and beet tops, etc. Potatoes have the highest nutritional value among root vegetables. However, it is difficult to digest. There is evidence that it reduces the absorption of B vitamins. Therefore, it should be used rarely in feeding dogs, only in the absence of other vegetables. Potatoes are fed only boiled.

Be sure to wash it before cooking. Remove spoiled, rotten, and moldy tubers. Boiled potatoes turn sour quickly, so they are fed freshly boiled.

Potato sprouts

Potato sprouts contain the toxic substance solanine, which can cause intestinal disease, so the sprouts are removed before cooking and the water is drained after cooking. On average, you can feed an adult dog no more than 200 g of potatoes per day, a puppy at suckling age - 20-30 g, from 1 to 3 months - 80-100 g, from 3 to 6 months - 100-120 g.

Potatoes are most often served in soup or stew. Cabbage is often used to feed dogs. fresh and pickled. It is an essential source of vitamins C and K. Raw carrots are also used for feeding. It is a source of carotene (provitamin A) and boiled beets, which contain sugar and pectin.

Boiled beets should be fed with some precautions, as cases of poisoning occur in practice. Poisoning is caused by nitrites formed during slow (5-12 hours) cooling of beets. Boiled beets are stored only in the refrigerator. Among green foods, lettuce, spinach, raw carrot and beet tops, finely chopped, are used as additives to soup. Before feeding, young fresh nettles are crushed and doused with hot water.

The daily intake of vegetables, root vegetables and herbs (without potatoes) is about 100g for adult dogs, and 20-80g for puppies. Vegetables, root vegetables and herbs should be fresh, not limp, not moldy, and free of foreign odors. Before feeding, these products are washed well in clean water. Dogs also readily eat boiled pumpkin, pre-peeled from peels and seeds. You can also add tomatoes and eggplants to their diet.

If you feed your dogs food leftovers from the home table, firstly, they must be fresh, and secondly, you need to make sure that the leftovers do not contain small sharp bones and contain a large amount of vinegar, mustard and pepper. Some food additives are also used to feed dogs: yeast, vitamin preparations, bone meal, calcium phosphate, glycerophosphate, finely ground dried eggshells, table salt etc. Feed, baker's and brewer's yeast contain a significant amount of complete proteins and B vitamins.

They are fed as part of the diet to stud dogs during the mating period in the amount of 20-30 g and to puppies - 5-10 g per day. Vitamin preparations are added to the diet if there is a lack of vitamins contained in natural feed. Feed vitamin preparations Suitable for puppies, whelps and lactating bitches. In this case, drugs are given in accordance with the recommendations attached to them, which indicate the activity of the drug and dosage.

Mineral supplements

Mineral supplements are given to dogs as part of their diet if there is a lack of calcium, phosphorus and other elements in the food. Bone meal is added to the diet of adult dogs in the amount of 10-15g, puppies at suckling age - 4g, from 1 to 3 months - 10g, from 3 to 6 months - 13g per day. Calcium phosphate (precipitate), glycerophosphate, finely crushed dried eggshells are fed to stud dogs, whelping and lactating bitches in the amount of 2-3g at each feeding, to puppies - 0.5-1g per day.

Table salt is added to the diet of adult dogs - 10-15g, puppies at suckling age - 0.5g, from 1 to 3 months - 5g, from 3 to 6 months - 8g per day. Currently, meat, vegetable and other canned food, as well as dry food, are widely used to feed dogs. They provide good nutrition, convenient for storage, and also do not require much time for preparation.

In addition to meat, canned meat includes meat by-products, as well as other animal feed. Canned meat is fed mainly to adult dogs as part of a diet consisting of cereals, vegetables and other products.

The composition of canned meat and vegetables includes variety of products, fully meeting the needs of adult dogs for nutrients, with the exception of vitamins that are added to the diet in accordance with physiological standards.

Bone meal is a protein-mineral feed that increases the efficiency of food for birds, animals and fish, enriches it with vitamins, minerals, proteins and microelements. Thanks to this food, the body's metabolism is normalized and the digestibility of feed is improved.

Composition of bone meal:

• protein (50%);
• ash (35%);
• water (4 – 7%);
• fats (8 -12%).

At product manufacturing waste and bones of meat and fish production, dead livestock, meat and fish products rejected by veterinary services are used. Before further processing, raw materials are checked for appropriate quality in sanitary and veterinary service. After checking, the products are crushed in a crusher, steamed and boiled. Next, the product is placed in a dryer and then crushed again. Finished products packed in bags with a polyethylene layer.

There are certain rules for storing the product to avoid damage or loss. useful properties. It should be stored in dry rooms, out of reach of rodents, birds or insects. The product should not be used after the expiration date indicated on the packaging.

Applications

More often bone meal is used:

• on poultry farms;
• in livestock farms;
• as a fertilizer.

Use as feed for farm animals

Flour is used for balancing feed mixtures for animals, birds, fish. Adding to the diet in small portions is recommended. The following criteria must be taken into account. So, for rabbits, no more than 2% bone meal is allowed, in general - about 5%. It is recommended to add powder to birds, the amount of which does not exceed 7% of the total feed ration, and to fish - up to 20%. These general norms need to be further adjusted taking into account the amount of other components of the feed.

In this article I will talk about what meat and bone meal is and what it is made from. I'll describe it step by step process production of bone meal. I’ll tell you how and why meat and bone meal is used in feeding dogs.

What is meat and bone meal

Meat and bone meal is a protein-mineral supplement to the basic diet.

The basis for its preparation is the carcasses of dead (fallen) animals or raw meat that is not suitable for human consumption.

Also, a useful supplement is obtained from meat and fish waste.

Externally, it is a homogeneous powder with brown different shades, however, a very light yellowish color indicates that the product contains chicken feather. It has a specific smell, but it should not be moldy or musty.

Three classes go on sale, they differ from each other in composition:

• 1st grade. Protein – 50%, ash – 26%, fat – 13%, water – 9%.
• 2nd grade. Protein – 42%, ash – 28%, fat – 18%, water – 10%.
• 3rd grade. Protein – 30%, ash – 38%, fat – 20%, water – 10%.

Meat and bone meal - Dobry selyanin, 2 kg

Meat and bone contains other useful components: calcium, amino acids (except cystine and methionine), glutamic and adenosine triphosphoric acids, seratonin, carnitine, thyroxine, etc.

Also, flour of any class contains 2% fiber.

Bone meal production technology

To produce flour, they use the carcasses of animals that died from non-communicable diseases or waste from meat processing companies and factories.

Raw materials are pre-checked for presence various infections. The carcasses of animals that died from infectious viral diseases are disposed of and not used for making flour.

The production technology of the mineral additive is as follows:

1. Carcasses or meat waste are checked by a veterinarian and allowed for processing.
2. The raw materials are well crushed, boiled, and then cooled to a temperature of 24-25 degrees.
3. The resulting boiled and cooled mixture is twisted to obtain a homogeneous mass.
4. The raw materials are sent to a centrifuge, where excess water and fat are removed from it, after which the mixture is loaded into a special bunker. The mixture of fat and water enters a separator or settling tank. There the fat is separated and sent for further processing.
5. After settling in the bunker, the mixture is sent for drying.
6. After thorough drying, the raw materials are loaded into a crusher, where they are well crushed and sterilized.
7. The finished and sifted product is sent to a bunker, and then they begin to be packaged and packaged.

Production of meat and bone meal

The dried ones are packed in 50 kg bags made of thick paper or fabric, then they are sewn up with strong thread. The fat that was obtained during the processing process is packaged in boxes with a polyethylene layer.

Can be stored for 6 months at room humidity not higher than 75% and temperature from 0 to +30 degrees.

In sealed containers, shelf life is extended to 12 months.

Application for dogs

Used as food additives not only for dogs and cats, but also included in feed intended for agricultural productive animals and poultry. This product can be found in ready-made dry industrial feed intended for feeding pets.

The protein-mineral supplement has the following properties:

• Provides correct height young animals, replenishes calcium deficiency in the body.
• Helps strengthen the musculoskeletal system of weakened, young and elderly dogs.
• Accelerates the process of rehabilitation of pets after bearing and feeding offspring.
• Replenishes mineral reserves in the body of a dog that is nursing puppies.
• Strengthens the immune system, increases the productivity of farm animals and poultry.
• Increases nutritional value ready-made feed and at the same time reduces their cost.

A growing body requires a supply of minerals to full-fledged formation skeleton and bone tissue

As a supplement to the main diet, flour is added directly to the dog's bowl, mixing it with the food. The amount of powder per day should not exceed 100 grams. The approximate dosage is a teaspoon per day for every 10 kg of pet’s body weight.

In feed intended for productive animals, flour is added in a ratio of 2-4% per 1 kilogram of feed. During the fattening period, piglets are given the supplement in an amount of 13-15% of the total diet. Dosage for poultry is no more than 3-7% of the daily feed requirement.

Meat and bone meal is a natural and inexpensive supplement rich in minerals and protein.

It can be purchased in almost any region at a veterinary pharmacy or pet store. When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the color and smell of the additive, since a spoiled product can cause poisoning of the animal.

It is known that a growing body needs minerals necessary for the correct and timely formation of the osteoarticular system. An analysis of commercial mineral supplements existing on the market does not allow us to unequivocally recommend them as fully and accurately providing the puppy’s diet with what it requires, according to various reasons: availability of supplements, their balance and adequate combination with a natural diet, which we actually promote. There is practically no supplement that meets all the requirements not only in terms of composition, but also in terms of availability in different regions of the country. This forced us to reconsider the existing options for most dog and cat owners to provide fairly simple and available methods solving the problem.

As you know, when recommending natural nutrition (you can read about it at the link), we always make reference to the typicality and naturalness of food components, bringing the animal’s food closer to the natural diet. It is on this basis that it is recommended optimal solution mineral supplement.

All carnivorous animals receive minerals and, above all, calcium and phosphorus, about which we're talking about, from the food they eat, namely the bone components of the diet of captured prey, and they have no other artificial sources, except perhaps by eating a certain amount of clay and other sources of minerals, such as natural water.

At home, raw bone, as a source of balanced calcium and phosphorus, is present in the puppy’s diet extremely rarely and mostly in a chaotic manner, and most owners and veterinarians In general, they are afraid to recommend her. Moreover, there are generally no bones in the diet of small and miniature dogs, and feeding natural food small dog creates a lack of calcium and phosphorus, the only way to save the situation is small sizes dogs and not intensive growth, as this reduces the need compared to large and giant breeds. This is perhaps the most important and only flaw in natural nutrition - it requires adjustments in the dose of minerals and vitamin D 3 and vitamin A due to the lack of sufficient bones in the animal’s diet as a source of ash. Thus, we can recommend bone meal as a natural source of minerals, which is dehydrated to 8% moisture and fat-free ground bone and contains a natural ratio of phosphorus and calcium in bone, which is a ratio of 1: 1.8. This ratio is considered to be not ideal; the best ratio of phosphorus to calcium in dogs is 1:1.5 or 1:1.2, that is, calcium should be 1.2-1.5 times more phosphorus. But this imbalance is compensated by natural food itself, which contains a significantly higher amount of phosphorus than calcium. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in cottage cheese is 1:1.6, in chicken meat – 1:13, beef – 1:8.5, in liver – 1:38. Thus, the combination of a natural diet with a predominant source of phosphorus with bone meal balances the amount, or rather the ratio, of calcium to phosphorus. Maybe, this scheme is not absolutely precisely balanced, but in the conditions of practical home keeping of dogs, this form of feeding will be as ideal as possible, which will reduce the errors of a lack of mineral substances in natural diet to a minimum and will make it more accessible to most owners. The advantage of this method of replenishing minerals is also the safety of exceeding the amount of bone meal, the excess of which simply will not be absorbed, by analogy with the safety of an abnormal amount of bone tissue eaten by wild animals. It is also important that bone meal contains an organic component of bone tissue - osein, which will have a positive effect on the formation skeletal system a growing puppy and healing of a fracture after injury. Adult dogs that regularly have a certain amount of raw bone in their diet may not be given bone meal at all, while puppies, pregnant, lactating and animals with fractures can and should be given. The ability to add bone meal to the diet of small and dwarf breeds dogs solves the problem of adding other commercial mineral supplements, and eating bones in such breeds is sometimes difficult or impossible.

In addition, commercial mineral supplements often recommended by doctors, such as Welpenkalk or SFC yeast, sometimes cause negative reactions from digestive system, while natural bone meal does not present problems with eatability or unpleasant smell, which is due to the naturalness of the product.

For 10 kg. animal weight (for dogs) and per 1 animal for cats:

— Puppies — 23 gr. bone meal;
— Adult dogs 10 g. or if there are raw bones in the diet, you can not give them at all;
— Pregnant dogs need to increase the dose of an adult dog by 10% in the first half of pregnancy and by 20% in the second half, from the norm for an adult dog outside pregnancy;
— Lactating dogs in the I-II weeks of lactation - by 50%, III-V weeks of lactation - by 70% of the norm for an adult dog when not feeding puppies.
— Cats — 1 gr. bone meal;
— Kittens — 2 gr. bone meal.

A level teaspoon of bone meal corresponds to 5 grams. Small errors in accuracy are not critical.

When using meat and bone meal, the dose is increased by 20% of the calculated dose of bone meal.

As you know, for the complete absorption and distribution of calcium and phosphorus, the body requires vitamin D 3 . To ensure normal level this component requires vitamin D 3 for every 10 kg. weight per day for a dog and daily norm for 1 animal for cats:

— Puppies — 200 IU;
— Adults — 70 IU;
- Puppy dogs in the first half of pregnancy - 100 IU and in the second half 140 IU.
- Lactating women in the I-II weeks of lactation - 140, III-V weeks of lactation - 160 IU.
— Cats — 50 IU;
— Kittens — 80 IU.

— Puppies — 2000 IU;
— Adults — 1000 IU;
- Puppy dogs in the first half of pregnancy - 1500 IU and in the second half 2000 IU.
- Lactating women in the I-II weeks of lactation - 2000, III-V weeks of lactation - 2400 IU.
— Cats — 1600 IU;
— Kittens — 2000 IU.

Separating the intake of mineral supplements and vitamins allows you to more accurately calculate the required and adequate dose of each component. The above vitamins are sold in medical pharmacies in the form of oil or alcohol solution indicating the amount of IU in 1 drop. Vitamins are added to the bowl where the bone meal is located, and should not exceed the indicated doses.

For small and medium-sized dogs, even 1 drop of the drug may be excessive (in one drop there is 500 IU), but you need, for example, 300. In such cases, you need to dilute the prepared purchased solution yourself as follows: 1 ml of an aqueous solution of vitamin D 3 is mixed with 9 ml boiled water in a 10 ml syringe. After such dilution, one drop of such a solution will contain 50 IU (10 times less), and for a puppy weighing 15 kg you will need 300 IU - 6 drops of a diluted solution.

You dilute vitamin A in the same way, mixing not with water, but with refined oil in the same proportion. That is, dilute aqueous solutions with water, oil solutions with oil.

Example of calculating the dosage of a vitamin or mineral supplement for a puppy

It is necessary to select a dose of bone meal for a puppy weighing 24 kg.

Let's make a proportion:

For 10 kg of weight ———— 23 g. bone meal
For 24 kg of weight ———— X gr. bone meal
X = (24 kg x 23 g): 10 kg
X = 552:10
X = 55.2 g.

Answer: A 24 kg puppy needs 55.2 grams per day. bone meal is 11 level teaspoons.

Let's make a proportion:
Per 10 kg of weight ———— 200 IU vitamin D 3
For 38 kg of weight ———— X g IU vitamin D 3
X = (38 kg x 200 g): 10 kg
X = 7600:10
X = 760 IU

Answer: A 38 kg puppy needs 760 IU of vitamin D 3 per day.

In the same way, calculate the norm for your dog for any supplement, substituting the weight of your dog and the norm of bone meal or vitamin. As your dog's puppy's weight increases, for every 5 kg (or more often) you adjust the dose of mineral supplements and vitamins. At natural nutrition For adult dogs, the addition of a mineral supplement and vitamins is not necessary, but during the period of growth, lactation and pregnancy it is necessary.