Mukhsinova A this N Arimanovna -

teacher English language second category

Pedagogical College named after Zh. Dosmukhamedov,

Uralsk

Patriotic and spiritual and moral education of youth in modern conditions.

"The most important task of policy

education should be self-sufficient

and competitive personality –

"Kazakhstani of the future"

N.A. Nazarbayev

Today's youth are the future of the country and the education of the younger generation is one of the most important issues facing the state, and the future of our country depends on the level at which the education of youth is carried out. We must use all available resources to ensure that true values ​​come first in society. So that young people know and appreciate our centuries-old traditions, respect and love their family and friends. Since ancient times, a state of interethnic peace and mutual respect has developed in our Republic. This is a great heritage that we inherited from our ancestors and we need to protect and develop this priceless gift.

The relevance of the problem of spiritual and moral education is connected with the fact that in the modern world a person lives and develops, surrounded by many different sources of strong influence on him, both positive and negative, which daily attack the fragile intellect and feelings young man, on his emerging sphere of morality.

Young people today are different compared to past generations. They already have different values, morals, interests, hobbies, everything else. But she should never forget about the eternal universal spiritual and moral values, without which the formation of a full-fledged personality is impossible. There are a lot of factors that influence a person’s consciousness and the development of his personality, starting from what kind of parents he has and in what environment he lives. A person learns throughout his life, receiving something every day, but the foundation for the formation of a person’s personality is laid in childhood. little child pure by nature, his soul has not yet had time to see anything, he is just beginning to explore this world, and it is very important during this period of his life that his parents and then the educational institutions in which he will be, gradually instill in him, first of all, spiritually -moral, ethical values.

The education and development of a high culture of intellectuals is the most important task in the process of personality development. Raising a citizen and patriot who knows and loves his homeland is impossible without deep knowledge spiritual wealth of their people and familiarization with their ethnoculture. Intelligence as an indicator of a person’s moral and social maturity is manifested in his education and culture, honesty and decency, and indifference to the pain and suffering of others.

Main goal educational work VPedagogical College named after Zh. Dosmukhamedov– preparation of a competitive, highly cultured, competent person with a developed patriotic consciousness and aesthetic sense; soulful, beautiful, eager to lead healthy image life, creative, setting high goals, wonderful in the future, parents, educators, tolerant students who know and respect the traditions and customs of their country and other peoples.

Educational work is carried out on the basis of the “Model of Personality Formation” system. Educational activities are carried out in accordance with 5 sections (“Family”, “Collective”, “Society”, “World”, “I am a person”) and 11 spiritual moral directions(“History of my country”, “My dream, goals and my future”, “If not me, then who”, “Culture of interethnic relations”, “Gender politics”, “Ethics of relationships”, “Religion in my life”, “ Me and environment", "Traditions and customs of my people", "Native speech", "My family"). The new model of education promotes the development of consciousness, morality of the individual in accordance with generally accepted rules and traditions, the formation universal human values, right relationships and culture.

Educational work in junior year groups is carried out in the following areas:

creating conditions for students to adapt to the new environment;

team building;

mastering the foundations of culture, developing aesthetic taste, instilling love for the Motherland, work, and sports;

grafting respectful attitude to the history and traditions of the collegeDirections of educational work in senior courses:

formation of civic consciousness, expansion cognitive abilities;

focus on continuing education at the university;

formation of organizational abilities, improvement of moral and business qualities.

Activities of clubs, circles, sports sections.

In college with a purpose optimal organization leisure, development creativity and the formation of a multicultural personality, some work is being done. The college has 20 clubs and 5 clubs, which involve over a thousand students.

Club "Daryn"

Promotes the improvement of competencies and the discovery of the talent of students with great creative potential.

Club "Zerde"

Popular writers and poets who influence the development of students’ cognitive and creative abilities are invited to the meetings.

Club "Young Political Scientist"

Supporting the policies of the President, promotes the country's achievements in the field of politics, promotes the active participation of students in the social and political life of the state.

Club "Inspiration"

He does a lot of work, revealing the role of poetry in human life, participates in the program “In the World of Poetry” of the regional radio.

Drama Club

By honing the creative capabilities of students, it promotes the discovery of talent, natural gift trainees. Club members participate in festive events with stage performances.

The independence of our state is a symbol of Kazakhstani patriotism. The high and sacred concept of independence is the basis of unity and common national idea Kazakhstan, designed to unite our people, and will become an invaluable asset for descendants, who will have to further create a future-oriented country.

The President has repeatedly drawn attention to the need to develop patriotism especially among young people. It is important for everyone to do the most useful thing in the field they have chosen. If you are a schoolchild, you need to study well, if you are a student, you need to learn the basics of science. Public figures, government officials, military personnel, people of culture, entrepreneurs - everyone needs to direct efforts to ensure that our country prospers and everyone is proud of its achievements.

Large-scale socio-political problems are solved by youth associations and organizations, primarily by the youth wing "Zhas Otan". There are numerous youth associations at educational institutions, for special interests, at the local level, and so on. Today there are more than a thousand of them in Kazakhstan, and the largest network of youth organizations is consolidated under the auspices of the Youth Congress of Kazakhstan.
The scale and range of activities of youth associations must continue to expand.

The famous psychologist Robert Cialdini claims that one of the psychological principles The formation of the life aspirations of young people is the principle of imitation. In this regard, the influence of bright personalities who play the role of beacons on life path maturing citizens of the country. Many generations were brought up on examples of the lives of famous people.
Of course, such an example for today's young Kazakhstanis is the bright personality of President Nursultan Nazarbayev. All our youth grew up during the years of the Leader of the Nation’s leadership of the country and saw with their own eyes how, thanks to his policies, Kazakhstan was revived from the ruins of totalitarianism and turned into a state respected on the world stage. And it is very important to understand that moral and patriotic education is a process that goes far beyond the educational system, requiring close interaction between the state, family, school, colleges and universities, NGOs, the media, the army and labor collectives, and many other state institutions.

At the congress of the youth wing "Zhas Otan" the President of the country Nursultan Nazarbayev said wonderful words: “I often ask myself what kind of “Kazakhstani of the future” he will be. Today, looking at you, I see him. His eyes should burn with a thirst for new knowledge. His mind should be sharpened to solve the most complex tasks. His heart should glow with selfless love for the Motherland." These words of the Head of State best characterize the essence of Kazakhstan’s patriotism, the vector of its aspiration to the future. And I am absolutely sure that this is exactly how it will be.

Literature:

Nazarbayev N. A. “Message of the President to the people of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2050”

Colleagues - pedagogical magazine of Kazakhstan. (electronic version)

Website

Scientific and methodological journal “Professional of Kazakhstan” No. 4 2013

Plato (Igumnov) // On faith and morals., p. 329.

Website http://www.pedcolleg.kz

Home > Document

PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY BASED ON LOCAL STUDIES

Samokhvalov A.S.

State Educational Institution NPO "Malookhtinsky Professional

Lyceum No. 137 of St. Petersburg"

Recently, work on the patriotic and civic education of youth has intensified in Russia. This area of ​​activity of teachers of schools, colleges, and lyceums has always been relevant and important, occupying a leading position, but until recently it was not sufficiently in demand by society and was deprived of due attention from the state, although both public and government structures complained about the lack of a system of patriotic education. It became obvious that the solution to a number of problems in the life of the country depend on the level of formation of the civic position of the younger generation, the need for spiritual and moral improvement, respect for the historical and cultural heritage of their people and the peoples of Russia. The socio-economic situation of the post-Soviet period illuminated a very acute problem of Russian society: many people became confused and were unable to adapt to new conditions. The result of this is apathy and indifference, an attempt to live one day at a time. At the end of the 90s, the situation in the country changed somewhat. It became clear that without literate, educated young people who love their Motherland and respect their ancestors, we cannot raise the country, we cannot return it to its former power and influence. Recently, nationalist sentiments have increased significantly in Russian society. Among young people, the following very often appear: negativism, indifference, selfishness, individualism, cynicism, motivated aggressiveness, demonstrative respectful attitude towards the older generation, cruelty in extreme forms, crime increased sharply. Many young people today find themselves outside the educational environment, on the street, where they learn the difficult science of education in harsh conditions. Over the past 10 - 15 years, we have practically lost an entire generation, whose representatives could have become true patriots and worthy citizens of our country. Currently, young people are increasingly being forced to prioritize earthly interests over moral, religious values ​​and patriotic feelings, namely: traditional foundations upbringing and education are being replaced by more modern, Western ones; pedagogy of respect for elders and joint work - the development of a creative egoistic personality; chastity, abstinence, self-restraint – permissiveness and satisfaction of one’s needs; love and self-sacrifice - Western psychology of self-affirmation; interest in national culture - exceptional interest in foreign languages And foreign traditions. We see that the system of former spiritual values ​​and guidelines has been lost, and new ones have not yet been developed, a crisis is occurring in the souls of people and a system of false values ​​of mass culture and subcultures (goths, punks, emo, skinheads and others) is spreading: consumerism, entertainment, cult forces, aggression, vandalism, freedom without responsibility, simplification. Hence, one of the pressing issues is the issue of patriotic education of modern youth. To be a patriot is a natural need of people, the satisfaction of which acts as a condition for their material and spiritual development, affirmation of a humanistic way of life, awareness of one’s historical, cultural, national and spiritual belonging to the Motherland and understanding of the democratic prospects for its development in the modern world. The foundation of patriotic education of children is laid in the family. Appeal to the paternal heritage fosters respect and pride for the land on which you live. Therefore we are in our educational institution We focus on knowledge of the history of the family, people, city, and its culture, and this will help students in the future to treat the cultural traditions of other peoples with respect and interest. The moral and patriotic education of a child is complex pedagogical process, which is based on the development of moral feelings. A child’s sense of homeland begins with his relationship with his family, with those closest to him - mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, brothers and sisters; these are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment. The feeling of the Motherland begins with admiration for what the child sees in front of him, what he is amazed at and what evokes a response in his soul. And although many impressions are not yet deeply realized by him, but, passed through children's perception, they play a huge role in the development of the personality of a patriot. A child’s sense of patriotism is formed mainly in his school years, and in the future it becomes more mature and conscious. Therefore, it is essential that all moments of a child’s acquaintance with his native country, with its culture, with its past, with spiritual wealth give rise to a deep emotional response in him. The main goal of the civil and patriotic education of children and youth is to orient the younger generations on the values ​​of the national culture, the formation they have value attitude to the Motherland, its cultural and historical past. It is important to instill in children a sense of pride in their country, to instill in them respect for the Constitution, state symbols, native language, folk traditions, history, culture, nature of their country, to form an active civic position and self-awareness of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Main result this direction education is the development of the moral and civic position of the individual, the conscious preference for goodness as the principle of relationships between people, readiness for self-development and moral self-improvement. One of the main educational tasks of our lyceum is to prepare students for simple, everyday, everyday work, work for society as a patriotic activities, and the activities of students themselves, organized by teachers for this purpose, represent the driving force in the formation of the personality of a growing citizen. Love for the Fatherland becomes a strength of spirit only when a person has images associated with his native land and language imprinted in his mind, when there is a feeling of pride that all this is your Motherland. As a teacher, I am concerned about issues related to the education of patriotism and the formation students have civic positions. I believe that nurturing love for the Motherland and the formation of a worthy citizen should become the main components in the educational work of the lyceum. Extracurricular local history activities in the classes of the historical and local lore club "Istok" with students make it possible to educate them into patriots and citizens using specific examples, to introduce children to the cultural heritage of the country and hometown. The goal of my extracurricular local history work is to teach children to love and respect their people, land, region, Motherland, so that students, knowing their roots, can create a worthy future. Our lyceum has developed a whole system of local history work, which includes the actual local history component “History of St. -Petersburg", a local history component in history and social studies lessons and a local history component in extracurricular activities. The course "History of St. Petersburg" was introduced in 2001 as an independent subject regional component. It introduces students to the archeology of the city, the history of its founding, socio-economic development, the life of the city in different periods, with outstanding people, as well as the culture, traditions, customs, way of life, and spiritual life of the city. The content of the course allows you to show the connection and significance of the history of the city in the history of the country, lead students to the importance and necessity of studying it, promotes the development of interest, and fosters respect for its past and present. Main task course - developing students' interest in the history of their hometown, nurturing love and respect for their Motherland as part of vast Russia. The content of the material being studied in the course presupposes independent, creative, search, and research activities of students. The course uses such forms of classes as excursions along the city streets to local history sites, to nature, classes in the local history museum of our lyceum, quizzes, intellectual games. For students of the first and second years (grades 10-11), I organized the work of a local history club " Source". The main directions of his activity are the preparation of messages, abstracts, reports for classes related to the history of St. Petersburg and its suburbs, information is collected for the preparation and conduct of quizzes, competitions and mind games on local history topics. Sources for studying the history of their hometown for students in class and outside of class are the memories of relatives, home archives, materials from the Lyceum’s local history museum and their own research, houses, streets, people, the nature of their hometown, local history literature. Forms creative works students are different: description of pedigree, reports, essays, research papers. Over the past 5 years, the guys have completed the following research works: “We keep to remember”, “Everything for the front, everything for Victory”, “Soldiers of the Fatherland”, “Names dear to the heart”, “Touch the feat with your heart”, “My hero”, “I want them to remember”, “Alive, sing about us.” The work “Everything for the Front, Everything for Victory” was sent to the regional competition of research works on local history and took second place, and the last two works were sent to the city competition of research works on local history, where they took first place. Participation of teenagers in a variety of contents and forms and types of group, collective activity guides them towards the recognition of patriotism as the highest human value, motivates them to socially significant activities, thereby preparing them for active and conscious life, promotes self-education, self-development, self-improvement, social adaptation, helps to determine the line of behavior and life principles. The study of local history material in the classroom is necessary and pedagogically justified, since it contains great opportunities for the patriotic education of students. Here you can find many examples of true patriotism and honest service to the Fatherland. When studying the topic “The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union”, the guys make reports about courageous soldiers, sailors, heroes who participated in all the battles of the war. Of particular interest to students are messages prepared on the basis stories from relatives of the older generation with a selection of photographs from the family archive. Using specific facts from stories about the lives of older family members (grandparents, participants in the Great Patriotic War, their front-line and labor exploits) in the classroom, it is necessary to instill in teenagers such important concepts as “duty to the Motherland,” “love of the Fatherland,” “hatred.” to the enemy", "labor feat". It is important to bring students to the understanding that we won because we love our Fatherland, and the Motherland honors its heroes who gave their lives for the happiness of people. Their names are immortalized in the names of cities, streets, squares, and monuments have been erected in their honor. In instilling in children a love for their city, it is necessary to bring them to the understanding that our city is a part of the Motherland, since all places, big and small, have a lot in common : people are working everywhere (teachers teach children, doctors treat the sick, workers make machines, etc.); Traditions are observed everywhere: the Motherland remembers the heroes who protected it from enemies; People of different nationalities live everywhere, work together and help each other; people take care of and protect nature; there are general professional and public holidays and so on. Students develop a humane attitude towards people of different nationalities primarily under the influence of adults (parents, teachers) who are around them. When studying topics on the cultural history of Russia, I use local ethnographic material. In classes devoted to the problems of modern Russia, I use materials from local resources mass media. During a dialogue discussion with students, the common and unique in the culture of St. Petersburg is revealed. In my local history work, I also use information and communication technologies, in which the students make computer presentations that illustrate their research work and help translate information from one sign system to another. With the students of the club, I periodically visit the city’s regional libraries and the regional local history museum. Libraries are aware of the importance of patriotic education, especially today, when the gradual loss of traditionally patriotic consciousness in our society is becoming more and more noticeable. The younger generation should know the history of their Motherland, remember the exploits of Soviet soldiers, heroic battles, honor the memory of the dead and respect the living veterans of the Great Patriotic War. The local history museum has limitless opportunities in shaping the personality of students, since it contains the wealth of human the labor and thoughts of representatives of the past generations of our fellow countrymen. The museum stores documentary and material relics that together recreate the interesting and vibrant history of their places, so it participates in the formation of the best human qualities in young people: citizenship, conscientiousness, responsibility, mercy, which are especially lacking modern society and which have always been valued by people. Our lyceum has its own local history museum. It hosts themed classes on significant dates in Russian history, meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, extracurricular activities, reading competitions. Patriotism is an interconnected set of moral feelings and behavioral traits, including love for the Motherland, active work for the benefit of the Motherland, following and multiplying the labor traditions of the people, careful attitude towards historical monuments and customs of the native country, affection and love for native places, the desire to strengthen the honor and dignity of the Motherland, the willingness and ability to defend it, military courage, courage and dedication, brotherhood and friendship of peoples, intolerance of racial and national hostility, respect for the customs and culture of other countries and peoples, the desire to cooperate with them. Study of history native land, the history of our Fatherland, military, labor and cultural traditions, the foundations of the people has been and remains the most important direction in instilling patriotism among young people, a sense of love for our great Fatherland, for the Motherland. A special role in patriotic education should belong to military history, in contact with which the younger generation becomes involved in the labor and military feats of the people, looks up to the best representatives, learns from the heroic examples of the life and work of our great ancestors, grandfathers and fathers, selfless service to the Fatherland, readiness to stand up for its protection. In solving the problems of patriotic education of the modern generation, the youth themselves should first of all take part, realizing the importance of their participation in the life of the Motherland, love, know and respect its culture, traditions and history. However, both the state and the family and the lyceum must direct the actions of young people in the right direction, the main task of which is to interact with the goal of forming national identity, citizenship and patriotism among modern youth. In the soul of every person there lives a love for his hometown, land, region, the area where he was born and raised, to his homeland, where his ancestors lived and where he lives. And so that this love never fades away, so that everyone can carry it through their entire lives, this feeling must be supported and nurtured. As a teacher, I believe that every person living in Russia should know where he comes from, who his ancestors are, and be proud of the traditions of his country, its history, culture and feel like a part of a big state. To raise patriots, businessmen and healthy people means you can be confident in the development and establishment of a normal society and a strong power. This is the state approach of every teacher in the education of youth.

Instilling love for the Motherland through historical and local history work is one of the methods of patriotic education junior schoolchildren.

Sandrakova N.S.

MBOU "Secondary school No. 7 of Poronaysk"

Sakhalin region

Russian land is a land of generous nature, unshakable traditions and eventful history. Unfortunately, recent events in the politics, economics and culture of Russia confirm the evidence of an increasingly noticeable loss by our society of traditional Russian patriotic consciousness. Consequently, the importance of instilling patriotism and citizenship in the country’s citizens increases many times over. It is difficult to explain and list all the reasons and manifestations of love for native land, city, village. You can't love what you don't know. Moral and patriotic education can be achieved through studying, together with teachers and parents, local history material on history, literature, materials about nature, wildlife and environmental problems. Currently, in the context of modernization of all spheres of society, one of the main tasks in the field of education is the education of patriotism and citizenship, as the basis for the viability of any society and state, the continuity of generations. The National Doctrine of Education of the Russian Federation declares one of the priority tasks: education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state who respect individual rights and freedoms and have high morality. Patriotic education today is more important than ever. This is due to a number of reasons. WITH On the one hand, the devaluation of values, the growth of lack of spirituality and crime among young people cannot but cause concern for the future of the country. WITH on the other hand, during the formation of a democratic state, there is a need for active people responsible for the fate of their homeland. Local history is a powerful means of educating a future citizen - a patriot. Local history - This is a comprehensive study of any territory, carried out on scientific basis. The objects of his study are socio-economic, political, historical and cultural development villages, cities, districts, regions. Local history activities allow a child to get acquainted with his land, learn the patriotic, spiritual and moral traditions of the people. And this is the origins and basis of patriotic education. The opportunities for instilling patriotism in the younger generation, inherent in local history activities, are not realized on their own; purposeful, systematic activities of teachers, development of programs, methodological recommendations etc. Purpose Our work is to form a conscious attitude towards the values ​​of the native land: people, nature, history, culture and, on this basis, develop a life position that allows us to understand belonging to the native land. Patriotism- moral and political principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love and devotion to the Fatherland, pride in its past and present, the desire to protect the interests of the Motherland. A patriot is a person who passionately loves the Motherland, studies and works for its benefit, increases its wealth, and if necessary, he must be ready to stand up for her, including with a weapon in his hands. Patriotism is manifested in human actions and activities. Originating from love for one’s small Motherland, patriotic feelings, having passed through a number of stages on the way to maturity, rise to a national patriotic self-awareness, to an awareness of love for the Motherland, for one’s Fatherland. Patriotic education involves a combination of new approaches to the essential characteristics of patriotism with established forms of patriotic education, which are determined by the strategy of state policy in the choice of value-target settings for the life of society, the variety of updated educational structures. Patriotic education in Russia is traditionally associated with the idea of ​​civic education. Many teachers believe that What inner world a person in itself does not form a conscious sense of patriotism - it is only the basis. Formation occurs when it comes into contact with social values, ideals, and traditions. Objectives of patriotic education:- formation of knowledge about historical facts and phenomena, the ability to objectively consider these events, skills in using educational literature, encyclopedias, maps, statistical data, visual aids, the ability to identify the historical conditionality of various versions and assessments of events of the past and present; - stimulating the mental activity of students, their curiosity, creative activity, the ability to understand the historical conditionality of phenomena and processes of the modern world, critically obtained historical and social information, to determine one’s own position in relation to surrounding reality, correlate it with historically emerged worldview systems.
Main forms of organization work with children are workshops, lessons-lectures, symposiums-discussions, historical journals, conferences, lessons-reasonings, lessons-versions, seminars, lessons on protecting social projects, a lesson in courage, lessons-excursions, etc. - Traditional events The patriotic orientation of our school is:- School-wide courses - Thematic lessons of Courage:

“Sons swear allegiance to the Motherland”, “Stalingrad cauldron”, “Drink the binder of times”, “Let us bow to the Great Ones of those years”.

- Ceremonial meetings.- Round tables(meeting with WWII veterans). - Scientific and practical conferences (messages on WWII). - Concerts dedicated to great dates. - Literary and musical compositions. - Replenishment of the exposition of the corner of military glory. One of the priority forms of work on patriotic education are charity events:

“Hands with heartfelt warmth” (Timurov’s work). “Postcard to a veteran” (congratulations on the holidays of November 7, New Year, February 23, May 9). “Flowers on granite” (laying flowers on holidays to memorable places).

Speeches by veterans of the Great Patriotic War and other wars at Courage lessons, their stories about battles with the enemy, about the exploits of friends in battle often serve as an impetus to start or intensify search work. One of the priority areas for patriotic education is the dedication of museums. A museum is not only a property our school, it is the property of everyone. The children, when faced with the origins of the uniqueness of our corner, straighten up internally and are filled with pride, recognizing rich history And cultural traditions native land. Everything that children study and learn about in the museum is part of the life of their ancestors, the history of their village, native land, and state. It is very important to teach to respect and love the place where we were born and raised, where our ancestors lived. The museum conducts excursions on the following topics: “History of our school”, “The first messengers of the revolution”, “History of children's organizations”, “Grandma’s chest” , “Warriors - Internationalists”, “The Feat of Sergei Maksimovich Sherstobitov”, Excursions around the city allow you to: - introduce pupils more deeply to their “small Motherland” streets, residential buildings and public buildings of the village, their purpose; - teach children to navigate the plan of the street, village , know the rules of the street, follow the rules of behavior on the street and public places;
- expand children’s knowledge about workers’ professions social sphere, the content and significance of their work for the village residents; - to stimulate students’ interest and love for their village, concern for its beauty and cleanliness; An important part is summing up the excursions. Children share their impressions of the excursion in the form of essays, drawings, and reports. Studying the history and social sphere of the village undoubtedly helps children learn a lot, and most importantly, fall in love with a small corner of their homeland. In addition, on 1 5 minutes We held the following events on this topic: - “Field of Miracles” on the topic: “You are a citizen”; - “Star Hour” on the topic: “Offenses and Responsibility.” Exhibitions were organized: “Children’s Rights”, “ Public holidays", "You are a citizen of Russia". In addition to this event This form can be: - participation in a review-competition of corners of military glory; - participation in exhibitions of arts and crafts “Dedicated to Defenders of the Fatherland”;
- participation in the games “WWII Experts”; - “Local History Kaleidoscope”; - participation in the competition of literary and musical compositions. We have planned patronage of the monument to the “Heroes of the Civil War”. To this end, the school has announced a project competition on the topic: “ Eternal memory alive!” Materials for patriotic education of younger schoolchildren using museum means help solve problems. In the course of local history activities, each child can realize their abilities. The guys are conducting search work. Joint activities help to unite the team, captivating children common cause. The head of the museum, Valentina Ivanovna Medvedeva, gives the task cool team, conducts an introductory tour. Students together with class teacher are engaged research activities. Parents of high school students help them with this. To achieve this goal, the class team has to contact various services and enterprises in the village. Local history work begins in the first grade with studying the history of their family, later the children conduct mini-research about who the street they live on is named after; The next step is getting to know the sights of your hometown and its surroundings.

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Patriotic education of youth - as an important component of the spiritual and moral education of children and youth

Tillaev Bobomurod Abduvakhobovich,

Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Namangan State University, Uzbekistan.

What kind of children are born does not depend on anyone,

but so that through proper education they

become good - it is in our power.

Plutarch

Building a democratic rule of law state and civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan is impossible without using the creative, spiritual and moral potential of the individual, and the intensive development of his social activity. It places the highest demands on the individual, requiring selflessness, patriotism and heroism. At the same time, Uzbekistan strives to build a humane society, where every feat, selfless work, heroic deed will be adequately appreciated, high achievements and good deeds will not pass without a trace. “We are building a fair, humane society,” says President Islam Karimov, “in which the basis of our policy, first of all, should be a respectful attitude towards the work of our people, a worthy assessment of deeds. If a person lives in this world, aware of his own role and significance in it, if he believes that his good deeds will not pass without a trace and will benefit the Motherland and people, this will undoubtedly give results in workers fulfilling their duty to the country and society.” .

The topic of spiritual and moral education of youth is always relevant in society. After all, the future of the country depends on what values ​​subsequent generations will guide their lives. Civic-patriotic education through instilling love and respect for one’s language, history, literature, army, territory, etc. designed to help young people gain a deeper understanding of economic and cultural characteristics your country, see the beauty and originality of its nature and think about becoming a worthy and useful citizen.

Issues of patriotic education of the younger generation in the spirit of love for the Motherland and devotion to the Fatherland, law-abiding citizens of the state have always been the focus of attention of scientists throughout the history of human development. Great philosophers and teachers have paid considerable attention to this issue since ancient times.

In the concepts of education of Ancient Greece, a characteristic feature was the consideration of a person only in relation to the state, and not in himself. Citizens of small independent slave-holding states-policies could not imagine themselves outside the Motherland, which guaranteed their existence, and therefore the highest goal of each citizen and the entire state was considered the good of the polis. Democritus argued that the result of education should be a moral person, moderate in everything, acting in accordance with public duty.

Thus, in the teachings of Confucius, along with other universal human values, such as: reverence for elders, traditions, love for family, people, and country are highlighted.
Ya.A. Komensky noted that one of the main directions of education should be to instill in the child the desire to provide benefits with his services to as many people as possible. He wrote in The Great Didactics: “Then only a happy state would arise in private and public affairs if everyone were imbued with the desire to act in the interests of the general well-being.”

The understanding of patriotism has a deep theoretical tradition dating back centuries. Already Plato has reasoning that the homeland more expensive than father and mother. In a more developed form, love for the Fatherland, as the highest value, is considered in the works of such thinkers as N. Machiavelli, J. Krizhanich, J.-J. Russo, I.G. Fichte. So, for example, K.D. Ushinsky believed that patriotism is not only an important task of education, but also a powerful pedagogical means: “Just as there is no man without self-love, so there is no man without love for the fatherland, and this love gives education the right key to the heart of a person and a powerful support for the fight against his bad, natural, personal, family and tribal inclinations".

History is made not only by heroes and patriots, it is the result of the activities of the masses, peoples, people known and unknown, great and simple. History is made by people. They sometimes do it heroically, showing the highest degree of social activity. Feats crown their achievements. Their significance is recorded by historical figures and chronicles, but also by folk memory - “good rumor”, with its help people glorify heroes: universal, national, local. The scale of their accomplishment is different. What all heroes have in common is their selfless dedication in the name of common cause, the interests of the people, for the benefit ordinary people" The heroic actions of people cannot be separated from the socio-historical process; Heroism is a conscious, purposeful social and moral activity of a person. Dedication, courage, mobilization of physical and spiritual strength, feat, bravery, selfless search for truth, hard work, risk - these qualities are inherent in heroes.

Patriotic education - forms and methods pedagogical impact, aimed at the object of education, at the formation of certain social and moral qualities in him. The formation of these qualities depends on many factors: political, social, environmental, legal and pedagogical. Using methods of pedagogical influence, relying on these factors, they study the state of the object and determine mechanisms, incentives, and opportunities for moral improvement. Therefore, the forms and methods of patriotic education, its mechanisms, incentives and opportunities are always specific and actually manifest themselves in the process of educational influence. Patriotic consciousness is a subjective phenomenon; it is not always specifically manifested; sometimes it can lead to false beliefs and patriotism. Patriotic education is the formation of spiritual, moral, civic and ideological qualities of an individual, which are manifested in love for the Motherland, for one’s home, in the desire and ability to preserve and enhance the traditions and values ​​of one’s people, one’s national culture, one’s land.

Patriotism is manifested in childhood, develops and enriches itself in the social, especially spiritual and moral sphere of life. Highest level the development of a sense of patriotism is inextricably linked with active social activities, actions and deeds carried out for the benefit of the Motherland and on the basis of democratic principles for the development of civil society. General goal patriotic education, according to G.K Selevko, is to cultivate in the younger generation a love for the Motherland, a willingness to contribute to its prosperity and to defend it if necessary. Patriotism harmoniously combines the best national traditions people with devotion to serving the Fatherland. Patriotism is inextricably linked with internationalism, alien to nationalism, separatism and cosmopolitanism.

The patriotism of Sohibkiran Amir Temur can serve as an ideal of selfless service to the fatherland, a model of patriotic education of youth. The need to form a national idea in the consciousness and way of life of people requires targeted work on the patriotic education of youth. In these conditions, it is especially necessary to be able to patriotically solve emerging problems in the field of youth education, to work creatively, democratically and purposefully, and to lead young people. Success here is inextricably linked with strengthening the political consciousness of young people, with their active involvement in public and state life, instilling in them intransigence towards manifestations of injustice, money-grubbing, corruption and everything that interferes with building a civil society and the rule of law. Deep ideological conviction, the highest civic responsibility for the fate and future of the country, moral purity - these requirements today are particularly acute for every person, especially young people.

The basic principles of patriotic education are an important component of the spiritual and moral education of children and youth. We call our homeland either Fatherland or Motherland; these lofty words grow from the feelings with which we pronounce such simple words as “dad” and “mom” in childhood. How a child learns to love his parents, defend their honor, and take care of them determines how he will be able to love his Motherland in the future. Patriotic education is an important component of spiritual and moral education, which includes, in addition to patriotic and civil education: family, labor, ethical, aesthetic and social education. The pace and nature of the development of society directly depend on a person’s civic position, his life priorities, moral beliefs, moral standards and spiritual values.

Patriotic education of youth and children is carried out in the process of their own activities, characterized by a certain focus, forms and methods of implementation. To realize one’s patriotic feelings, not only one’s own desires and aspirations are important, but also the practice of mastering social reality. The content and procedural side of patriotism and heroism are determined by social need, the interests and development of society, the tasks of strengthening independence and ensuring the well-being of society. But we cannot ignore the fact that patriotism and heroism are a manifestation of individual dedication, individual feat, that is, the active inclusion of the individual in solving a super task.

Morality is the inner world of a person who has absorbed the totality of intellectual knowledge, emotional feelings, family, labor, civil-patriotic, social, environmental relations, based on the traditions of their people and closely related to the religion of the people. A person’s morality is expressed in his free acceptance of absolute moral imperatives and is manifested in his behavior and actions.

Now it is necessary to join forces and make sure that, along with mother’s milk, the child absorbs in the family such feelings as love for the fatherland, reverent attitude towards nature and the surrounding world, reverence for parents, and the sanctity of family relationships.Only patriotic and, in general, spiritual and moral education of children and youth can lay a strong foundation for the unity of citizens and ensure the preservation of a single socio-cultural space in the state.The formation of the civic and patriotic consciousness of young people is a multifaceted, dynamic process that is determined by many factors of social life and in which all public institutions participate: family, school, university, media and others.

Taking into account modern research, patriotic education can be considered as a process of interaction between educators and students, aimed at developing patriotism (patriotic feelings, beliefs and stable norms of patriotic behavior).

Spiritual and moral education - promoting the spiritual and moral development of a child, teenager, young man, the formation of a system of basic humanitarian values ​​focused on the priority of human rights and responsibilities, intercultural dialogue, active participation children, adolescents and young people in public life; readiness for free choice the path of one’s development and responsibility for it is a kind of patriotism. Each child must have the totality of his abilities developed in order for the child to be the creator of developed forms of communication. Hence the idea of ​​a holistic approach to education, the achievement of theory and practice, so that every child becomes a Man, a Citizen, a Personality, a Patriot

When highlighting patriotic education as a relatively independent area of ​​educational work, it is necessary to note its organic relationship with other areas (spiritual, moral, labor, aesthetic, etc. education), which is a much more complex relationship than parts and the whole. Patriotic education, being in close relationship with other areas of educational work, permeates, integrates them, and is carried out in a holistic pedagogical process.

Literature

1. Karimov I. A. Think and work in a new way. T.5. T: Uzbekistan, 1997. – P. 214.

2. Witz B. Democritus. M., 1979.– P. 74.

3. Komensky Ya. A. Great didactics. - Fav. ped. op. M.: Uchpedgiz, 1955. – P.74-75.

4. Ushinsky K. D. Selected pedagogical works: In 2 volumes - M., 1974. - P. 56.

5. Volkogonov D. A. The phenomenon of heroism (About heroes and the heroic). – M., 1985. – P. 166.

6. Selevko G.K. Encyclopedia educational technologies. – M., 2006. – P. 816.

PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH – AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

Toshev Murodjon,Ramazanova Firuza

Bukhara Statesth University, Uzbekistan

Annotation: Patriotic education is the forms and methods of pedagogical influence aimed at the object of education, at the formation of certain social and moral qualities in it. The formation of these qualities depends on many factors: political, social, environmental, legal and pedagogical. Using methods of pedagogical influence, relying on these factors, they study the state of the object and determine mechanisms, incentives, and opportunities for moral improvement. Therefore, the forms and methods of patriotic education, itsmechanisms, incentives and opportunities are always specific and actually manifest themselves in the process of educational influence.

Key words: patriotism, patriotic education, younger generation.

PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH – AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

Toshev Murodjon, Ramazonova Feruza

Bukhara state university, Uzbekistan

Summary: Patriotic education is the forms and methods of pedagogical impact directed on the object of education on formation at it certain social and moral qualities. Formation of these qualities depends on many factors: political, social, ecological, legal and means of methods of pedagogical influence, leaning on these factors, study a condition of object and define mechanisms, incentives, possibilities of moral improvement. Therefore forms and methods of patriotic education, its mechanisms, incentives and opportunities are always concrete, are really shown in the course of educational influence.

Keywords: patriotism, patriotic education, younger generation.

The construction of a democratic legal state and civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan is impossible without the use of the creative, spiritual and moral potential of the individual, and the intensive development of his social activity. It places the highest demands on the individual, requiring selflessness, patriotism and heroism. At the same time, Uzbekistan strives to build a humane society, where every feat, selfless work, heroic deed will be adequately appreciated, high achievements and good deeds will not pass without a trace. “We are building a fair, humane society,” says the President, “in which the basis of our policy, first of all, should be a respectful attitude towards the work of our people, a worthy assessment of deeds. If a person lives in this world, aware of his own role and significance in it, if he believes that his good deeds will not pass without a trace and will benefit the Motherland and people, this will undoubtedly give results in workers fulfilling their duty to the country and society.” .

The topic of spiritual and moral education of youth is always relevant in society. After all, the future of the country depends on what values ​​subsequent generations will guide their lives. Civic-patriotic education through instilling love and respect for one’s language, history, literature, army, territory, etc. is designed to help young people better understand the economic and cultural characteristics of their country, see the beauty and originality of its nature and think about becoming a worthy and useful citizen.

Issues of patriotic education of the younger generation in the spirit of love for the Motherland and devotion to the Fatherland, law-abiding citizens of the state have always been the focus of attention of scientists throughout the history of human development. Great philosophers and teachers have paid considerable attention to this issue since ancient times.

Education opens up a wide range of knowledge to a person and introduces him in a certain system to the life around him. It ensures the formation of a huge number of nerve connections in the human brain and leads to the improvement of the entire mental activity. During adolescence, students’ interest in their personality intensifies, and with it the possibility of self-education. IN teenage years own views, aspirations, and ideals are intensively formed. They determine human behavior. Helping schoolchildren correctly determine their goals in life, direct their aspirations, and develop principles of behavior consistent with moral standards is an important task of education.

Every person is different great love to their Motherland - the state of working people and express this love in specific deeds aimed at strengthening its glory and power.

True patriots of our Motherland are distinguished by consistent internationalism, that is, deep respect for other countries, our friends, and also for the working people of the whole world.

Love for the working people, fraternal solidarity with them presupposes hatred of their exploiters, the stranglers of freedom and progress. Thus, patriotism is a fusion of feelings of love for the Motherland. These features of patriotism leave their mark on the entire process of patriotic education of children.

The formation of a citizen, a patriot of his homeland begins in childhood with a feeling of love for his family, his native land, nature, and traditions. On the basis of these feelings common to all, the high feeling love for the Motherland.

Therefore, developing in adolescents a sense of love for loved ones and their native land becomes one of the important areas of school work in the matter of patriotic education. Forming a sense of attachment to one’s native places is one of the components of patriotic education. Based on these feelings, you need to move on. As they master knowledge, the school is called upon to instill in children a feeling of love for our Soviet system, to show its advantages over the capitalist system, and to raise conscious, convinced defenders of our socialist society.

An important task is to instill in teenagers a love for the labor and military revolutionary past of our Motherland. A colorful, vivid story about the actions of the hero of labor, about the military exploits of our people during the war evokes strong feelings and a surge of noble patriotic feelings. The experience can also arise as a result of empathy for the life of another person. These noble traditions of the past form the basis of the desire to increase the glory and power of our country.

The school directs its efforts to ensure that the patriotic feelings of adolescents find expression in useful deeds for the benefit of the Motherland; another task is closely related to this - instilling in children a readiness to defend their country.

All school work on the patriotic education of adolescents should be carried out in unity with international education: instilling in children a sense of friendship among the peoples of our country, fraternal solidarity with the peoples of other countries, with the working people of the whole world.

A high feeling of love for the Motherland can only develop as a result of a whole system of educational means, including propaganda, example, organization of behavior and activities of students.

The educational process plays a huge role in the education of patriotic feelings. During the lessons, students study the past and present of our Motherland, meet the best representatives of science, culture, heroes of struggle and labor. Knowledge is the most important prerequisite for the emergence of patriotic feelings. The lesson is a source of knowledge about the Motherland.

On the basis of this knowledge, a feeling of love for the Motherland is formed and consolidated. Sometimes elementary school students do not have a sufficient understanding of their country. Many of them understand the word “Motherland” only as the area in which they live. This idea is the starting point for the formation of another, deeper idea of ​​the Motherland as a state. Depending on the nature of the material, teachers do this in different ways.

The level of patriotic education largely depends on the content of the material in school textbooks. Its impact on children can be enhanced by using excerpts from memoirs, the use of films and filmstrips, and paintings.

Preparation of young people for service in the Armed Forces is of great importance in military-patriotic education. Its main forms are initial military training, studying in schools and clubs of the Voluntary Society for the Promotion of the Army, and practicing technical and military-applied sports. Young men, even before being drafted into the Armed Forces, acquire military knowledge and skills in advance in order to quickly become skillful defenders of their Motherland.

The knowledge and skills acquired during initial military training are supplemented by classes at universities of military knowledge, at the faculties of military knowledge at universities. Many young men who received military, physical and moral preparation in military-patriotic clubs, enter military schools, and become officers of the Armed Forces.

Pre-conscription military training and the system of defense-mass work, military-patriotic education of young people for service in the Armed Forces are yielding positive results. Young men called up for active service military service in the army they are more successful in mastering complex modern military equipment and weapons, quickly join the ranks of the heroic Armed Forces, vigilantly guarding the peaceful labor of our people.

Many teachers of the past, revealing the role of patriotism in the process of personal development of a person, pointed to their multilateral shaping influence. believed that patriotism is an important task of education and a powerful pedagogical tool: “Just as there is no man without self-love, so there is no man without love for the Fatherland, and this love gives education the sure key to a person’s heart and a powerful support for the fight against his bad natural, personal, family and tribal inclinations."

True patriotism includes respect for other peoples and countries, their customs and traditions. Patriotism and the culture of interethnic relations are closely interconnected, act in unity and are defined in pedagogy as moral quality, which includes the need to faithfully serve one’s homeland, awareness and experience of its glory, manifestation of love and loyalty to it, the desire to protect its honor and dignity, strengthen its power and independence.

· a feeling of attachment to the places where a person was born and raised;

· respect for the language of your people;

· care for the interests of the Motherland;

· awareness of duty to the Motherland, defending its honor and dignity;

· manifestation of civic feelings;

· pride in one’s Fatherland, in the symbols of the state;

· responsibility for the fate of the Motherland and one’s people, their future;

· respect for the historical past of the Motherland and its people;

· humanism, mercy and universal values.

True patriotism presupposes the formation and long-term development of a whole complex of positive qualities. The basis of this development are spiritual, moral and sociocultural components.

Effective patriotic education of young generations today is the path to the spiritual revival of society, the restoration of the greatness of the country in the minds of people. The effectiveness of such education is manifested in the child’s system of relationships to reality, his creative dedication. An indicator of its reality is the conviction and patriotic orientation of the actions and entire lives of the students.

Taking into account modern research, patriotic education can be considered as a process of interaction between educators and students, aimed at developing patriotism (patriotic feelings, beliefs and stable norms of patriotic behavior).

Spiritual and moral education - promoting the spiritual and moral development of a child, teenager, young man, the formation in him of a system of basic humanitarian values, focused on the priority of human rights and responsibilities, intercultural dialogue, active participation of children, adolescents and young people in public life; readiness to freely choose the path of one’s development and take responsibility for it is a kind of patriotism. Each child must have the totality of his abilities developed in order for the child to be the creator of developed forms of communication. Hence the idea of ​​a holistic approach to education, the achievement of theory and practice, so that every child becomes a Man, a Citizen, a Personality, a Patriot.

Highlighting patriotic education as a relatively independent direction educational work, it is necessary to note its organic relationship with other areas (spiritual, moral, labor, aesthetic, etc. education), which is a much more complex relationship than parts and the whole. Patriotic education, being in close relationship with other areas of educational work, permeates, integrates them, and is carried out in a holistic pedagogical process.

Literature

1. Karimov and work in a new way. T.5. T: Uzbekistan, 1997. – P. 214.

2. Bondarevskaya, as the revival of a citizen, a man of culture and morality. - Rostov-on-Don; 1993. –Part 1. – P. 11 – 42.

3. Comenius didactics. - Fav. ped. op. M.: Uchpedgiz, 1955. – P. 74 – 75.

4. Ushinsky pedagogical works: In 2 volumes - M., 1974. - P. 56.