A. Margolina, E. Hernandez. "New cosmetology".

Stages of age-related skin changes

Biologists have not yet come to a consensus on what is considered aging and what its causes are. However, we can say that aging is the result of the accumulation of defects in cells and intercellular structures, which gradually disable the vital systems of the body.

Childhood.

Perhaps the only time when the skin requires virtually no care is the period of life from about six months of age until the onset of puberty. Children's skin is elastic, smooth, vibrant and fresh, and it is a pleasure to look at it.

Adolescence.

Alas, all good things come to an end sooner or later and, from 12–14 years old, the appearance of the skin begins to deteriorate. First of all, it becomes more oily, and some people produce so much fat that it literally runs down the skin. Then the structure of the skin changes, it becomes rougher and more porous. In people with dry and thin skin, these changes are less noticeable than in those with oily skin. However, in any case, the skin does not remain the same as it was in childhood.

And, of course, the most distressing skin change that poisons the lives of a significant part of adolescents is acne, which comes during puberty and occupies the skin for many years (sometimes for decades), despite all attempts to get rid of it. For many teenagers, fighting acne becomes the main goal of cosmetic procedures, and sometimes the meaning of life. Unfortunately, in the process of this struggle, many people cause severe damage to their skin, which can be very difficult to compensate for in the future.

A very small percentage of teenagers understand the need to protect their skin. Most, as a rule, at this time, mercilessly irradiate the skin with sunlight (and sometimes with artificially generated ultraviolet radiation in solariums), cover it with layers of cosmetics (which are often left overnight), tattoos, exhaust them with night vigils and all kinds of toxic substances. Despite all this, the skin remains fresh and elastic for some time.

Youth.

By the age of 20, many people's skin condition improves - it becomes less oily, less prone to acne, more even and attractive.

Time from 20 to 30 years– a period of stability for the skin, when most people may not think about the intricacies of cosmetic care, choosing cosmetics based on packaging, scent or company name, and, despite this, have good skin.

But all this is true only if the skin is healthy. Unfortunately, teenage stress, attempts to self-medicate acne by randomly smearing anything labeled “for acne” on the skin, overuse of antibiotics or retinoids, and sometimes unthinkable diets can provoke the occurrence of various skin problems, ranging from advanced forms acne to allergic dermatitis, etc. In these cases, the skin requires carefully thought out care, which is best left to a competent specialist.

The beginning of skin aging.

Already starting from 25 years old, the skin gradually loses the fresh charm of youth. The renewal of cells in the stratum corneum slows down, and the skin becomes duller. The rate of collagen and elastin formation decreases, and the skin no longer looks as elastic. Fine wrinkles appear under the eyes, skin defects accumulate, such as age spots, stretch marks, scars from past acne, etc.

The closer the 30-year mark, the more often women begin to think about skin care, trying to slow down its aging or disguise its signs. And although doctors never stop repeating that it is necessary to protect and care for the skin from early youth, in reality, only after 30 years can the skin expect that its needs will finally be paid attention to.

Middle age.

During from 35 to 50 years Skin aging is becoming more and more noticeable. At this time, its ability to retain moisture decreases, cell renewal slows down, defective collagen and elastin accumulate, the amount of hyaluronic acid decreases, the fat layer on the face becomes thinner and fat is redistributed (there is less and less fat on the cheekbones, and often under the chin and in the lower part of the cheeks). fat pads form), pigment spots, dilated blood vessels and, of course, wrinkles appear.

It must be said that the wrinkles that upset women so much not only look different, but have different causes. They are often divided into static and dynamic wrinkles.

Static wrinkles arise due to changes occurring in the skin itself (damage to skin fibers by various harmful factors, age-related wear and tear and destruction of skin structures, etc.).

Dynamic wrinkles are formed in places of constant muscle activity due to the fact that when contracting the muscle shortens and wrinkles the skin, and when relaxing it returns to its original position and “pulls” it back with itself.

In young women, the skin is elastic, it quickly responds to such muscle movements and returns to its original state. With age, such exercises become more difficult for her, and around the eyes, on the bridge of the nose, on the forehead and around the mouth - where the facial muscles work most actively.

Age-related skin changes after 50 years.

After 50 years, the skin experiences the effects of the onset of menopause, when the amount of female sex hormones estrogen in the body decreases. At this time, more wrinkles appear, the thickness of the dermis and epidermis rapidly decreases, and the skin noticeably fades. The process of rapid aging continues until about age 60, after which the skin enters a period of relative stability. At this stage, little depends on cosmetics, and any changes are possible only with the help of plastic surgery. Those who have spent a lifetime protecting their skin from damaging influences (especially the sun) will have less wrinkles, less blemishes, and a fresher, younger-looking skin.

If the skin has been exposed to intense sun exposure (this is more important in hot countries), then it will most likely show rough, deep wrinkles and be covered with age spots.

In old age (70 and older), the skin is characterized by a thickened (parchment) stratum corneum, a thin dermis (through which the subcutaneous fatty tissue shines through, giving the skin a yellowish color), low elasticity, and numerous deep wrinkles and folds.

The path that we have now outlined is followed by the skin of every person, and there are no products in cosmetology that would prevent skin changes that occur at each stage.

The skin of a teenager will never return to the fresh smoothness of a child's skin, and the skin of a lady of Balzac's age will never look like the skin of a 20-year-old girl.

Senile changes in the skin occur due to the fact that this is the program embedded in the cells, due to the fact that the skin, like the entire body, accumulates damage and disease throughout life, in other words, it wears out. It is practically impossible to influence genetically determined aging, but you can slow down the rate of skin wear and prevent premature aging. To do this, you need to know which skin changes are inevitable, and which are caused by our careless attitude or arise due to harmful environmental factors.

Skin changes are among the most visible signs of aging. Wrinkles and sagging skin are evidence of age. Discoloration or graying of hair is also an obvious sign of aging.

Functions and structure of the skin

Our skin performs many functions. It protects us from the environment, helps control body temperature and fluid and electrolyte balance, and contains nerve receptors that allow us to feel various sensations such as touch, pain and pressure, heat or cold.

Although the skin has many layers, it can generally be divided into three main parts:

The outer part (epidermis) contains horny skin cells, pigments and proteins.

The middle part (dermis) contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The dermis contains nutrients in the epidermis, providing individual skin thickness, mechanical strength and elasticity.

The inner layer below the dermis (subcutaneous layer) contains sweat glands, some hair follicles, blood vessels, and fat. Each layer is made up of connective tissue and collagen fibers to provide support and elastin fibers to provide flexibility and strength to the skin.

Age-related changes

Skin changes are related to environmental factors, genetics, nutrition and other factors. The most significant factor, however, is the sun. This can be seen by comparing areas of our body that are regularly exposed to sunlight with areas of the skin that are protected from sunlight.

Natural pigments provide some protection against sun and induced skin damage. Blue-eyed, fair-skinned people are more prone to early skin aging than people with darker, more heavily pigmented skin.

As the body ages, the outer layer of skin (epidermis) becomes thinner, although the number of cell layers remains the same.

The amount of pigment contained in the cells (melanocytes) decreases, and the remaining melanocytes increase in size. Thus, the skin becomes thinner, paler and translucent. Large pigment spots appear on exposed areas of the skin, so-called age spots, pigment spots, and freckles.

Changes also occur in the connective tissue; skin strength and elasticity decrease. These changes are called elastosis, and are especially noticeable on exposed areas of the skin exposed to the sun (solar elastosis). Elastosis resembles skin changes similar to chapping that can be seen in farmers, sailors and other people who spend a lot of time outdoors.

The blood vessels of the dermis become more fragile. This leads to bruising and hemorrhages under the skin, this is the so-called senile purpura, cherry angiomas, and similar manifestations.

The sebaceous glands produce less oil as we age. In men, this decrease is subtle, usually after 80 years of age. In women, the decrease in fat production occurs gradually, and this is especially noticeable after menopause. A decrease in the amount of skin secretion often leads to dry and itchy skin.

The subcutaneous fat layer thins, reducing its normal insulation and protection. This increases the risk of skin damage and reduces the ability to maintain body temperature. Because you have less natural subcutaneous fat insulation, the higher your risk of getting hypothermia in cold weather.

Sweat glands produce less sweat as we age. This reduces the body's ability to maintain normal body temperature, and the person becomes more susceptible to overheating or heatstroke.

Mature and aging skin recovers more slowly than young skin. Wound healing can be 4 times slower. This contributes to the development of bedsores and infections. Diabetes, changes in blood vessels, decreased immunity and other similar factors also affect healing.

Skin growths such as moles, birthmarks (nevi), warts, atheromas and other defects are more common in older people.

Skin conditions are so common among older adults that it is often difficult to distinguish normal changes from those associated with a general disorder. More than 90% of all older people suffer from some type of skin disease.

Skin diseases can be caused by many conditions, including:

Blood vessel diseases such as atherosclerosis
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
- Liver diseases
- Nutrient deficiency
- Obesity
- Reaction to medications
- Stress

Other causes of skin changes:

Allergies to plants and other substances
- Climate
- Cloth
- Exposure to industry and household chemicals
- Heating and air conditioning systems

Sunlight can cause:

Loss of elasticity (elastosis)
- Benign skin tumors, keratomas (keratoacanthomas)
- Pigmentation changes such as age spots
- Thickening of the skin

Sun exposure is also directly linked to skin cancers, including basal cell epitheliomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and melanoma.

The typical appearance of the face and neck changes with age. Muscle tone may be lost, causing the face to appear loose and droopy. The jaw may begin to sag, resulting in a “double chin” in some people. For some people, the nose lengthens slightly and may be more noticeable.

There may also be an increase in the number, size and color of age spots on the face. This has a lot to do with the sun.

The skin becomes thinner, becomes dry, with clearly visible wrinkles. Although wrinkles are inevitable to some extent, frequent exposure to the sun and smoking cigarettes promotes their development.

The ears may lengthen slightly in some people (probably caused by cartilage growth). Some men may find that they develop ear hair that becomes longer, coarser, and more noticeable as they age. The wax glands in the ears decrease in number and activity, and the earwax becomes drier. This dry ear more easily blocks the ear canal, reducing the ability to hear.

Eyebrows and eyelashes become gray or gray. The skin around the eyelids becomes loose and wrinkled, often resembling crow's feet. The eye sockets lose some of their fat deposits, causing the eyes to appear sunken and limiting eye movements. Bags may appear on the lower eyelids, and drooping of the upper eyelids quite often, this also affects the vision. A grayish-white ring may develop on the outer surface of the eye (cornea). called "Senile arch" or Arcus senilis. The iris of the eye loses pigment, turning most eyes of very old people gray or light blue.

Losing teeth can cause the lips to become wrinkled. The jawbone loses some bone material, causing the lower part of the face to shrink in size. The forehead, nose, mouth and thus look more pronounced. Gums may also recede, contributing to dental problems and changing the appearance of the mouth and lips.

Prevention of age-related skin changes

Since most skin changes are related to sun exposure, prevention is an ongoing process.

The main preventive measures are as follows:

Avoid sunburn if at all possible.
- Using a good sunscreen when it is sunny outside, even in winter.
- Wear protective clothing and headgear as necessary.
- Good nutrition and adequate fluid intake are also beneficial. Dehydration increases the risk of skin damage.
- Taking vitamins. Sometimes minor nutritional deficiencies can cause rashes, itchy skin, and other skin changes even if there are no other symptoms.
- Regularly moisturize your skin with wet lotion, cream and other moisturizers. Do not use soaps that contain fragrances or are heavily scented. Hydrated skin feels more comfortable and heals faster.

The beauty of a woman's skin opens up like a flower over time. At first it is a delicate bud that captivates with its freshness at every touch. Then it blooms and captivates with its amazing splendor. The flower needs abundant watering, and our skin needs active care from early childhood. If you take good care of it, it will look healthy and fresh for a long time. But the beauty of skin, like a flower, is not eternal. The skin is a kind of mirror, reflecting many internal processes in the body. Without proper attention, it begins to fade.

Signs of aging appear to varying degrees in all areas, but age-related changes are most noticeable on the skin of the face and neck. There are certain patterns of changes in the skin over time, which we bring to your attention.

AGE CHANGES: INFANT (0-2 YEARS)

The skin of newborns is very soft and elastic, like velvet. This is due to the fact that for a long time it was covered with a special curd lubricant, which consists of fat, glycogen, salt, cholesterol, various acids and vitamins. In the womb, it helped prevent maceration (soaking) and performed a bactericidal function. Children's skin has a delicate and thin layer of epidermis - the surface layer of the skin - from 0.5 to 0.25 mm, only 3-4 rows of germ layer cells (in an adult there are 5-6), stratum corneum cells lie in 2-3 rows and are loosely connected to each other and easily peel off. And although the ability of children's skin to regenerate (recovery) is much higher than that of an adult, the epidermis is not firmly connected to the underlying layers of the skin, the collagen fibers are still defective (they mature by 4 months), and local immunity is weak. Therefore, the skin of a newborn is very vulnerable and prone to redness, peeling and inflammation.

The dermis is 1.5-3 times thinner than in adults, the subcutaneous fatty tissue is very well developed. Per unit surface and mass in newborns it is 5 times greater than in adults. Sweat glands in babies are not yet formed and do not function (imperfect sweating will begin at 1 month), so children easily overheat. The easy occurrence of prickly heat is explained by the still wide ducts of sweat jelly, into which infection easily penetrates. The sebaceous glands in newborns are large and produce sebum much more intensively than in adults, and their number per 1 cm 2 is 4-8 times greater than in adults, which ensures that children of this age are prone to milia, gneiss and acne of newborns. By the age of 7, the sebaceous glands decrease in size and a significant part of them atrophies. By puberty, their size increases again. The number of fat cells increases at 1 year of life, and the size increases from birth to 6 years. Fat at an early age is more dense, because contains more saturated fatty acids.

AGE CHANGES: ALICE'S AGE (2-10 YEARS)

At this age, the child's skin is still very vulnerable. It is not yet so well protected from microbes and the external environment. Children's skin will be fully formed by the age of 7 and will acquire all the properties and structure of adult skin.

The skin of babies at this age has increased hydrophilicity, as a result of which it is abundantly saturated with water: the water content in the skin of a child of this age is 80-90%, while in an adult it is only 65-67%. This moisture content in the skin must be maintained at all times, however, because it is very thin, moisture is easily lost when the ambient temperature rises, and the skin dries out.

Children's skin has unique regenerative abilities. There is faster epithelization and more rapid formation of granulations when the integrity of the skin is damaged.

The subcutaneous fat layer is thin, but the density of sweat glands is high. As a result, the child's skin does not provide the necessary thermoregulation, and children very quickly become hypothermic or overheated. This is also facilitated by the abundance of blood vessels, which, although they give the skin a wonderful pink color, at the same time create increased heat transfer. For the same reason, children's skin has a high absorption capacity. In addition, in young skin, melanin-producing cells are contained in small quantities, which explains increased sensitivity to ultraviolet rays and rapid sunburn.

AGE CHANGES: JULIET'S AGE (PUBERTY)

During adolescence, the skin has the ability to quickly regenerate and is very elastic. During puberty, the structure of the skin changes. This is due to hormonal changes in the body. The amount of sex hormones in the blood increases, which ensures the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. During this period, the body experiences enormous stress on all systems, and functional disorders and exacerbation of chronic diseases may occur. But the skin reacts most clearly: the pores of the sebaceous glands enlarge and begin to secrete more secretion, which in turn mixes with dirt and dust. As a result, the skin becomes unpleasantly shiny, pores become clogged and the main problem becomes acne, which is especially susceptible to those with oily skin. Teenagers' skin needs especially careful care, cleansing and moisturizing. There is an opinion that after puberty ends, acne will go away, but it is better not to start the acne process. Firstly, acne can persist for many years, and secondly, after acne heals, post-acne scars may appear on the skin, which are difficult to correct.

AGE CHANGES: TURGENEV GIRL (25-30 YEARS OLD)

The period when a girl turns from an angular teenager into a young woman. At this time, the skin is still smooth and elastic. There are no more problems with acne, but the first wrinkles appear. Due to facial movements, the skin is subject to constant mechanical deformation, and by the age of 25, shallow facial wrinkles appear in the corners of the mouth, eyes and forehead. The so-called laugh lines become noticeable. The skin still retains the ability to recover, but already needs more thorough and comprehensive care. It needs to be nourished and moisturized. In addition, the skin needs special vitamins and nutrients that promote collagen formation. It is important not to miss the first expression lines.

AGE CHANGES: CHEKHOV'S HEROINE (30-40 YEARS OLD)

After 30-35 years, small superficial wrinkles very slowly, gradually become noticeable, and a so-called “plateau” state occurs, characterized by moderate changes in the depth of all wrinkles.

During this period, fading processes are launched in the epidermis and dermis, which will actively progress in the following age intervals. These changes occur imperceptibly at first, gradually, gradually, accumulating and becoming obvious (suddenly!) by the age of 40-45 and reach a peak by the age of 50-55:

• the rate of cell division of the basal layer decreases, and its thickness decreases.
• the thickness of the stratum corneum, on the contrary, gradually increases, although the horny scales themselves also become thinner, but they peel off more slowly.
• The functional abilities of epidermal cells gradually decrease, which leads to thinning of the lipid (fatty) membrane of the skin and a decrease in the number of protein bonds between corneocytes. As a result, there is a large loss of water, as well as dryness and flaking, and over time, thinned skin becomes like parchment.
• the thickness of the dermis decreases, the number and size of dermal cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, tissue basophils) and their functional activity decreases, and therefore the volume of the ground substance, collagen and elastic fibers decreases. On average, the synthesis of collagen and elastin decreases by 1% annually from the age of 25.
• elastin and collagen fibers thicken, their structure is disrupted, and their arrangement becomes less ordered. All this causes the skin to relax and lose its former elasticity when stretched.
• the content of glycosaminoglycans in the dermis also decreases. A decrease in the level of hyaluronic acid in the skin leads to disruption of its hydration, turgor and elasticity, contributing to the appearance of dry skin and the formation of wrinkles.
• external signs of skin aging in people are expressed in its relaxation, thinning, dryness, deepening of facial folds, the formation of a network of fine wrinkles, the appearance of pigmentation and other changes.
• microcirculation of the skin decreases, which leads to deterioration of nutrition (trophism) and deterioration of complexion.
• muscle dystonia: muscle tone is no longer as high as before. This primarily concerns the muscles of the neck and face. In the area of ​​the chin and forehead, muscles contract - longitudinal and transverse wrinkles appear, and in the cheek area they sag, which leads to a slight deformation of the facial contour and drooping of the corners of the mouth.

AGE CHANGES: BALZAC AGE (40-50 YEARS)

At this age, women experience a process of involution - age-related dystrophy. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis decreases, and atrophy of the subcutaneous fatty tissue and small sebaceous glands begins. Collagen fibers thicken, some of them stick together or fall apart. Another feature of this period is progressive lipoatrophy (reduction of fatty tissue on the face). According to modern data, changes in the fat layer do not occur evenly: there is a decrease in the volume of deep-lying fat packets, as well as thinning and downward displacement (ptosis) of subcutaneous fat tissue. In women over 40 years old, wrinkles begin to actively appear all over the face: around the eyes, on the forehead, near the nose, and facial features become outlined and become angular. The skin becomes drier, denser and tougher, prone to peeling, and pigment spots can often be seen. The cheeks begin to sag a little, the first wrinkles on the neck and a hint of a double chin are visible (this is especially noticeable in overweight women). After 40 years, the skin of the eyelids also changes. It becomes heavier, folds appear, and the eyelid itself droops. Dark circles under the eyes are already noticeable, and there are “crow’s feet” in the corners of the eyes. This is due to the fact that the skin in these areas is much thinner than in other areas and has few sebaceous glands. In addition, many women experience problems related to hormonal status, for example, hair growth on the upper lip.

Progressive microcirculation disorders lead to vascular appearances - rosacea, spider veins and telangiectasias.

AGE CHANGES: WOMEN OF ELEGANT AGE (OVER 50 YEARS OLD)

At this age, hormonal changes usually occur - menopause. Progressive formation of wrinkles and their deepening are observed after 50 years, which is mainly due to the active loss of collagen and elastin, especially in the first 5 years of postmenopause, as estrogen levels sharply decrease. As a result, the body lacks vitamins and nutrients. The skin rapidly loses its natural strength and begins to change dramatically, losing its barrier properties. It becomes thinner, the subcutaneous fat layer on the face decreases, regeneration processes slow down and blood supply worsens even more (vascular sclerosis progresses) and, as a result, oxygen starvation of tissues increases. Due to the lack of estrogen, the oiliness of the skin and the activity of the sebaceous glands in the skin decrease, the amount of hyaluronic acid and collagen decreases, lipoatrophy of the face and neck progresses (reduction of subcutaneous fat tissue), and a selective decrease in the volume of the skull bones is added: expansion of the orbit leads to a rise in the head of the eyebrow, bulging fatty hernias and deepening of the nasolabial furrow; resorption of the upper jaw leads to flattening of the midface, drooping of the tip of the nose, flattening and lengthening of the upper lip.

The skin becomes very pale, dry and thin, like parchment, and often peels off, which leads to disruption of the barrier and regenerative properties of the skin, so aging skin is more easily injured and more difficult to recover. Its turgor (hydration) and elasticity decrease, and deep wrinkles appear. In people over 65 years of age, the thickness of the dermis usually decreases by approximately 20%. Pronounced pigment spots, senile keratomas and other benign neoplasms, growth of vellus hair on the cheeks, chin and above the upper lip appear. Along with the appearance of pastiness and edema, there is a sharpening and change in facial features, which is associated with a reduction in subcutaneous fatty tissue and changes in the skull. Bags and circles appear under the eyes, and horizontal and eyebrow wrinkles appear on the forehead.

After 60 years, another “leap” occurs in the dynamics of age-related changes, caused by increasing ptosis of soft tissues, which leads to noticeable deformation of the external contours of the face. The skin at the chin and around the jaws becomes flabby, the skin of the cheeks sags, the nasolacrimal and nasolabial furrows deepen, marionette wrinkles give a mournful, eternally sad expression, jowls appear, a double chin, the face becomes swollen against the background of many small wrinkles.

AGE CHANGES: INTERESTING FACTS

Greetings, dear readers! Every woman goes through different stages of age, but she always wants to be beautiful. It must be said that there is no “elixir of eternal youth”; time takes its toll and with age, changes in the skin begin to appear on the face. Unfortunately, this is an inevitable natural process. But don't despair. After all, if a woman takes care of herself, she remains attractive at any age.

The structure of the skin has two main layers: epidermis (outer) and dermis (inner). The epidermis is a continuously renewed layer of skin, and the dermis provides its elasticity, strength and extensibility. The dermis supplies the epidermis with vitamins, oxygen, proteins, and minerals.

The condition of the epidermis and dermis is determined by the presence of collagen and elastin, as well as the quality of glycosaminoglycans. The main glycosaminoglycan of the dermis is hyaluronic acid, which retains moisture. Glycosaminoglycans, collagen and elastin are the framework of the skin.

Fibroblasts are located in the middle layer of the skin. Fibroblasts produce enzymes that break down collagen and elastin and then synthesize them again, resulting in constant renewal of the intercellular substance.

With age, fibroblasts lose their reproductive function, the thickness of the dermis begins to decrease, the moisture content decreases and, as a result, the skin loses its firmness and elasticity.

There are more than 70 muscles under the skin of the face. Over time, this muscular frame of the face loses its tone, the skin becomes more flabby and seems to sink down. At the same time, the facial contour deteriorates, the cheeks begin to sag, and nasolabial folds appear. There is a term “vector of aging”. It is always directed from top to bottom.

Causes and consequences of skin aging

Age-related changes in the skin on the face of women is a process that is explained by the following factors:

• slowing down the synthesis of collagen and elastin (the number of fibroblasts decreases);
• decreasing the regeneration rate, i.e. metabolism;
• laxity of facial muscles;
• deterioration of blood circulation;
• loss of skin firmness and elasticity, which leads to the appearance of wrinkles;
• influence of external environmental influences (ultraviolet rays, wind, snow, etc.);
• environmental conditions (polluted air);
• genetic predisposition;
• bad habits (alcohol, smoking, etc.);
• dehydration;
• stress, self-criticism;
• hormonal imbalance in the body.

But the signs of skin aging manifest themselves differently in every woman. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in this.

For example, in thin representatives of the fair sex, wrinkles first appear on the eyelids and in the corners of the eyes, later on the upper lip and chin, then rosacea (vascular network) appears. In women of significant merit, the process of fading begins with a change in the oval of the face, sagging cheeks, drooping of the upper eyelid, deepening of the nasolabial fold, and the appearance of a double chin. Those with thin skin are more prone to pigmentation.

With each age stage, a keratinized layer grows on the skin, which in thickness begins to exceed the thickness of the skin itself, which prevents it from breathing and nourishing normally (the exfoliation of the epidermis slows down sharply).

Changes in facial skin with age in women

In youth, epidermal cells are capable of natural metabolism (exchange of nutrients and moisturizing substances). This process occurs continuously, allowing the skin to remain hydrated and smooth in texture.

After 25 years, the body stops growing and all processes begin to slow down.

The cycle of epidermal change increases to 30-40 days, whereas at a younger age it takes from 22 to 27 days. But the body is still able to cope with these changes, and the appearance of wrinkles occurs mainly due to the negative influence of the environment. But by the age of 30, the first noticeable signs of skin aging begin to be observed (the appearance of forehead wrinkles, wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes and 1-2 wrinkles on the front of the neck).

There is such a thing as mature skin. It affects the period from 35-45 years. During this period, signs of aging become more noticeable due to a decrease in the number of fibroblasts, the skin loses more moisture, and regenerative function decreases. Forehead wrinkles lengthen. Mature skin is characterized by the following signs: decreased firmness and elasticity, deepening of the nasolabial fold, the appearance of wrinkles on the neck, a double chin appears, and the skin becomes thinner. Some women may experience vitriol on the nose, cheeks and chin.

By the age of 50, skin aging becomes even more obvious due to hormonal changes in the body with the onset of menopause. A lack of the hormone estrogen entails a change in a woman’s appearance: the nasolabial fold is more pronounced, “jowls” and a double chin appear.

After 60 years, the skin thins even more, it becomes flabby, and the cheeks become saggy. It looks like excess skin appears around the eyes.

For the sake of fairness, it should be noted that being at the same biological age, age-related changes in the skin on the face in women may look different. You will see this by watching this video.

Good health to you!

Greetings, dear site visitors!

Youth enchants with its beauty, bright hopes, and possibilities. Ah, if only time did not affect our appearance!

But youth gives way to maturity - the appearance loses its former attractiveness.

Caring for aging facial skin requires a lot of effort, patience, and resources, but this is not a reason to give up.

The signal for a restructuring of the body in women is most often menopause. Hormonal changes begin to occur, and the vital activity of many functions is lost.

To this should also be added the negative impact of the environment.
Mature skin requires more careful attention and proper care. It is worth paying more attention to anti-aging products and cosmetic procedures.

• In any weather it is necessary to use special protective creams.
• Morning care should consist of a more rich complex.
• You can no longer get by with just daily care products. Once or twice a week it is necessary to apply nourishing, moisturizing and cleansing masks.
• It is useful to make herbal compresses that will fill the epidermis with the necessary vitamins. Almost any herb that grows in the garden is suitable for this: chamomile, yarrow, mint, sage, lemon balm, rosemary.

For proper care, a certain sequence must be followed.

Daily procedures

1. Instead of soap, you should use mineral water or whey for washing. It is also useful to wipe the surface of your face with a piece of ice from a decoction of herbs in the morning. Contrasting water washes are suitable.
2. Flabby skin can be slightly refreshed with lotions made from a weak salt solution.
3. For deep cleansing, use cosmetic milk or natural cream.
4. After washing your face, pat your face lightly with a towel.
5. Freshness and ruddy color will be given by tonic preparations: tonic, cosmetic milk. Rubbing with a piece of ice has the same effect.

Nutrient-vitamin complex

Age-related changes will be less noticeable if the epidermis is nourished and moisturized daily. Therefore, after the first two procedures, you should apply a moisturizer. Before going to bed, apply nourishing cream. Since mature skin is more demanding, its care must be more in-depth.

After moisturizing, you need to lubricate your face with a lifting cream - it will help smooth out.
When choosing nutritional and vitamin supplements, you need to give preference to the following basics:

• extracts of oats, wheat germ, grape seeds or seaweed;
• vitamins A, C, D, E, F;
• lanolin;
• vegetable oils;
• collagen.

Alternative Approach

Even at an advanced age, even such intensive care will not always help, so you can resort to other methods. Laser grinding will help most effectively.

But this procedure is not available to everyone, so you can use more conservative methods.
Use folk remedies that will not only cope with the problems of epidermal aging, but will also replenish it with essential vitamins and soothe irritation.
Try these methods.

Rejuvenating mask
Boil one potato until tender. Mash it, add 40 ml of milk. Add raw egg yolk to this puree and stir well. Apply the warm mixture to your face for 30 minutes. Then rinse off the mask.

Mask with a tightening effect for sensitive skin
Dissolve 2 teaspoons of starch in half a glass of water. From this mixture cook something like jelly. Mix the cooled mixture with 40 ml of cream and 1 pc. raw grated carrots. Apply the resulting composition to the face. Keep it for half an hour.

Soothing compress with vitamin complex
Take 1 tbsp. l. dry leaves of plantain, chamomile and linden blossom, pour the composition half a glass of hot water. Leave for 15 minutes, add a tablespoon of honey. Soak a gauze pad in the solution and place it on your face. Keep for up to 20 minutes.

Constant use of care products for aging skin helps it not only recover, but also increases the impact of active ingredients.
All that remains is to find the right care package just for you.

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