Writer and publicist G.I. Andreev in his text discusses the question: do the mother and father remain the closest people to their child?

Analyzing the problem of children's attachment, Georgy Ivanovich tells the story of a girl who was once left without a father. He left the family, so the girl tried to convince herself that from now on her dad was perfect for her. stranger. But when, after a while, the father returned from abroad to visit his daughter, she joyfully greeted him, because her heart told her that he still remained the closest and dearest person to her.

I fully share the point of view of the modern writer. In our minds, father and mother are always the dearest people, no matter what. This topic is often raised in fiction.

You can recall the story “Gray-haired” by Yu.M. Korotkov. The unlucky mother herself handed over her children to the care of the state. In the “orphanage menagerie” Oleg turned gray seven years old. Life made the boy embittered; he even refused to go to his mother’s funeral. And yet, years later, he himself went to visit the grave of the woman who gave him life. This means that Oleg forgave her - she is, after all, a mother. This cruel example shows that even parents who do not fulfill their duty remain the closest people in the souls of their children.

Irina Kuramshina in the story “Filial Duty” also raises the problem of a child’s attitude towards the mother who once abandoned him.

The heroine Rena urgently needs a kidney transplant, but there is no donor for her. Son Max readily offers his own kidney to save his mother. This act touches and at the same time surprises Rene: she remembers how many years ago she placed her little son in a 24-hour boarding school and rarely even took him on weekends. At that time, she was dating a foreigner and did not want the child to cause her trouble.

Now, according to his mother, he must hate her. However, Max thinks differently and is ready to fulfill his filial duty. This suggests that children's attachment to their parents is so strong that they even forgive the betrayal of adults.

Thus, we all need to remember that there are no people in the world closer than father and mother. No matter how life turns out, love for parents remains forever in the hearts of children.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing

Updated: 2017-02-25

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Useful material on the topic

Read an excerpt from the review. It discusses language features text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the blanks with numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

“The complex thoughts of the heroine are conveyed mainly through various syntactic means, among which are (A)_____ (for example, sentence 8) and (B)_____ (sentences 20, 30, 31). Inner world the heroine is recreated by the writer using tropes: for example, (B)_____ (“snowy and sunny day”, “unique taste”) help to recreate a serene picture of childhood before the breakup of the family, and (D)_____ (sentence 10) conveys heartache heroine, caused by her parents’ divorce.”

List of terms:

1) epithets

2) anaphora

3) detailed comparison

4) metonymy

5) rhetorical question

6) rhetorical exclamation

7) incomplete sentences

8) introductory words

9) parcellation

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	G

(1) And there’s nothing to think about: he’s a complete stranger to me...

(2) When I look at the photographs, I can hardly imagine how he looks now, how he speaks, how he laughs, how he holds his little daughter in his arms. (3) It seems her name is Marina... (4) However, all this is useless. (5) We have been complete strangers for a long time now...

(6) Mom broke up with father ten years ago. (7) And although she assures me that I cannot remember anything because I was too young, I remember. (8) How can this be forgotten?.. (9) These tense night conversations in the kitchen, when they suddenly began to officially call each other by name and patronymic: “Georgy Ivanovich, Margarita Petrovna...”. (10) It seemed to them that they were speaking quietly, but for me it was as if explosions were roaring around, tearing the small cozy world to shreds. (11) I hid my head under the pillow, but even there it was impossible to hide from this terrible cannonade...

(12) No... (13) Mom says correctly: there is no need to remember. (14) We have been complete strangers for a long time. (15) So many years have passed. (16) Yes, it was painful and scary, but gradually everything calmed down and was forgotten... (17) Is it only sometimes that snowy and sunny winter day when he, flushed, tired, but so happy, took us with us? mom on a sled, and then we drank scalding hot tea from a thermos - a unique taste of childhood... (18) Or that summer morning when, while riding a bicycle, I fell and broke my leg. (19) My father carried me in his arms all the way to the hospital, and I felt the strength and warmth of his hands... (20) Or...

(21) No! (22) No “or”. (23) No need to remember. (24) We have been complete strangers for a long time. (25) There is an abyss between us, ten years when each lived his own life. (26) And it’s good that it happened this way. (27) I'm used to it free time spend alone or with friends, quickly matured and became independent. (28) Sometimes it even seems to me that there has never been anyone in my life except my mother...

(29) And recently a letter came from him: he arrived, returned from abroad, where he worked for several years, and wants to meet with me. (Z0) Why?.. (31) We have long been completely...

(32) Who's there?! (33) Such a familiar silhouette at our gate... (34) “Daddy!” - I shout as I run, and thickly written sheets of paper fall out of my diary and, caught by the wind, fly away.

(according to G. I. Andreev*)

*Georgy Ivanovich Andreev (born in 1971) is a modern writer and publicist.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Let's fill in the blanks.

“The complex thoughts of the heroine are conveyed mainly using various syntactic means, including - rhetorical question(for example, sentence 8) and incomplete sentences(sentences 20, 30, 31). The heroine’s inner world is recreated by the writer using tropes: for example, epithets(“snowy and sunny day”, “unique taste”) help to recreate a serene picture of childhood before the breakup of the family, and comparison(sentence 10) conveys the heroine’s emotional pain caused by her parents’ divorce.”

Answer: 5713.

Answer: 5713

Rule: Linguistic means of expression. Task 26

ANALYSIS OF MEANS OF EXPRESSION.

The purpose of the task is to determine the means of expression used in the review by establishing correspondence between the gaps indicated by letters in the text of the review and the numbers with definitions. You need to write matches only in the order in which the letters appear in the text. If you do not know what is hidden under a particular letter, you must put “0” in place of this number. You can get from 1 to 4 points for the task.

When completing task 26, you should remember that you are filling in the gaps in the review, i.e. restore the text, and with it semantic and grammatical connection. Therefore, an analysis of the review itself can often serve as an additional clue: various adjectives of one kind or another, predicates consistent with the omissions, etc. It will make it easier to complete the task and divide the list of terms into two groups: the first includes terms based on the meaning of the word, the second - the structure of the sentence. You can carry out this division, knowing that all means are divided into TWO large groups: the first includes lexical (non-special means) and tropes; secondly, figures of speech (some of them are called syntactic).

26.1 TROPIC WORD OR EXPRESSION USED IN A FIGUREABLE MEANING TO CREATE AN ARTISTIC IMAGE AND ACHIEVE GREATER EXPRESSIVENESS. Tropes include such techniques as epithet, comparison, personification, metaphor, metonymy, sometimes they include hyperbole and litotes.

Note: The assignment usually states that these are TRAILS.

In the review, examples of tropes are indicated in parentheses, like a phrase.

1.Epithet(in translation from Greek - application, addition) - this is a figurative definition that marks an essential feature for a given context in the depicted phenomenon. From simple definition the epithet is distinguished by artistic expressiveness and imagery. The epithet is based on a hidden comparison.

Epithets include all “colorful” definitions that are most often expressed adjectives:

sad orphaned land(F.I. Tyutchev), gray fog, lemon light, silent peace(I.A. Bunin).

Epithets can also be expressed:

-nouns, acting as applications or predicates, giving a figurative characteristic of the subject: winter sorceress; mother is the damp earth; The poet is a lyre, and not just the nanny of his soul(M. Gorky);

-adverbs, acting as circumstances: In the wild north stands alone...(M. Yu. Lermontov); The leaves were tensely stretched in the wind (K. G. Paustovsky);

-participles: waves rush thundering and sparkling;

-pronouns, expressing the superlative degree of a particular state of the human soul:

After all, there were fighting fights, Yes, they say, still which! (M. Yu. Lermontov);

-participles and participial phrases: Nightingales in vocabulary rumbling announce the forest limits (B. L. Pasternak); I also admit the appearance of... greyhound writers who cannot prove where they spent the night yesterday, and who have no other words in their language except the words not remembering kinship(M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

2. Comparison is a visual technique based on the comparison of one phenomenon or concept with another. Unlike metaphor, comparison is always binary: it names both compared objects (phenomenon, sign, action).

The villages are burning, they have no protection.

The sons of the fatherland are defeated by the enemy,

And the glow like an eternal meteor,

Playing in the clouds frightens the eye. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

Comparisons are expressed in various ways:

Instrumental case form of nouns:

Nightingale vagrant Youth flew by,

Wave in bad weather Joy fades away (A.V. Koltsov)

Comparative form of an adjective or adverb: These eyes greener sea ​​and our cypress trees darker(A. Akhmatova);

Comparative phrases with conjunctions like, as if, as if, etc.:

Like a predatory beast, to the humble abode

The winner breaks in with bayonets... (M. Yu. Lermontov);

Using the words similar, similar, this is:

On the eyes of a cautious cat

Similar your eyes (A. Akhmatova);

Using comparative clauses:

Golden leaves swirled

In the pinkish water of the pond,

Like a light flock of butterflies

Flies with a sinking breath towards a star. (S. A. Yesenin)

3.Metaphor(in translation from Greek - transfer) is a word or expression that is used in a figurative meaning based on the similarity of two objects or phenomena for some reason. Unlike a comparison, which contains both what is being compared and what is being compared with, a metaphor contains only the second, which creates compactness and figurativeness in the use of the word. A metaphor can be based on the similarity of objects in shape, color, volume, purpose, sensations, etc.: a waterfall of stars, an avalanche of letters, a wall of fire, an abyss of grief, a pearl of poetry, a spark of love etc.

All metaphors are divided into two groups:

1) general language(“erased”): golden hands, a storm in a teacup, moving mountains, strings of the soul, love has faded;

2) artistic(individual author’s, poetic):

And the stars fade diamond thrill

IN painless cold dawn (M. Voloshin);

Empty skies transparent glass (A. Akhmatova);

AND blue, bottomless eyes

They bloom on the far shore. (A. A. Blok)

Metaphor happens not just single: it can develop in the text, forming entire chains of figurative expressions, in many cases - covering, as if permeating the entire text. This extended, complex metaphor, a complete artistic image.

4. Personification- this is a type of metaphor based on the transfer of signs of a living being to natural phenomena, objects and concepts. Most often, personifications are used to describe nature:

Rolling through the sleepy valleys, the sleepy mists lay down, And only the sound of a horse's tramp is lost in the distance. The autumn day has faded, turning pale, with the fragrant leaves curled up, and the half-withered flowers are enjoying dreamless sleep.. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

5. Metonymy(translated from Greek - renaming) is the transfer of a name from one object to another based on their contiguity. Adjacency can be a manifestation of connection:

Between action and the instrument of action: Their villages and fields for a violent raid He doomed to swords and fires(A.S. Pushkin);

Between an object and the material from which the object is made: ... or on silver, I ate on gold(A. S. Griboyedov);

Between a place and the people in that place: The city was noisy, flags crackled, wet roses fell from the bowls of flower girls... (Yu. K. Olesha)

6. Synecdoche(in translation from Greek - correlation) - this a type of metonymy, based on the transfer of meaning from one phenomenon to another based on the quantitative relationship between them. Most often, transfer occurs:

From less to more: Even a bird does not fly to him, And a tiger does not come... (A.S. Pushkin);

From part to whole: Beard, why are you still silent?(A.P. Chekhov)

7. Periphrase, or periphrasis(translated from Greek - a descriptive expression) is a phrase that is used instead of any word or phrase. For example, Petersburg in verse

A. S. Pushkin - “Peter’s Creation”, “Beauty and Wonder of the Full Countries”, “The City of Petrov”; A. A. Blok in the poems of M. I. Tsvetaeva - “a knight without reproach”, “blue-eyed snow singer”, “snow swan”, “almighty of my soul”.

8.Hyperbole(translated from Greek - exaggeration) is a figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration of any attribute of an object, phenomenon, action: A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper(N.V. Gogol)

And at that very moment there were couriers, couriers, couriers on the streets... can you imagine, thirty five thousand only couriers! (N.V. Gogol).

9. Litota(translated from Greek - smallness, moderation) is a figurative expression containing an exorbitant understatement of any attribute of an object, phenomenon, action: What tiny cows! There is, right, less than a pinhead.(I. A. Krylov)

And walking importantly, in decorous calm, the horse is led by the bridle by a peasant in large boots, in a short sheepskin coat, in large mittens... and from the nails myself!(N.A. Nekrasov)

10. Irony(in translation from Greek - pretense) is the use of a word or statement in a sense opposite to the direct one. Irony is a type of allegory in which mockery is hidden behind an outwardly positive assessment: Why, smart one, are you delirious, head?(I. A. Krylov)

26.2 “NON-SPECIAL” LEXICAL VISUATIVE AND EXPRESSIVE MEANS OF LANGUAGE

Note: In assignments it is sometimes indicated that this is a lexical device. Typically, in a review of task 24, an example of a lexical device is given in parentheses, either as a single word or as a phrase in which one of the words is in italics. Please note: these are the products most often needed find in task 22!

11. Synonyms, i.e. words of the same part of speech, different in sound, but identical or similar in lexical meaning and differing from each other either in shades of meaning or stylistic coloring ( brave - brave, run - rush, eyes(neutral) - eyes(poet.)), have great expressive power.

Synonyms can be contextual.

12. Antonyms, i.e. words of the same part of speech, opposite in meaning ( truth - lie, good - evil, disgusting - wonderful), also have great expressive capabilities.

Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in a given context.

Lies happen good or evil,

Compassionate or merciless,

Lies happen dexterous and awkward,

Prudent and reckless,

Intoxicating and joyless.

13. Phraseologisms as a means of linguistic expression

Phraseologisms (phraseological expressions, idioms), i.e. reproduced in finished form phrases and sentences in which the integral meaning dominates the meanings of their constituent components and is not a simple sum of such meanings ( get into trouble, be on cloud nine, bone of contention), have great expressive capabilities. The expressiveness of phraseological units is determined by:

1) their vivid imagery, including mythological ( the cat cried like a squirrel in a wheel, Ariadne's thread, sword of Damocles, Achilles heel);

2) the classification of many of them: a) to the category of high ( the voice of one crying in the wilderness, sink into oblivion) or reduced (colloquial, colloquial: like a fish in water, neither sleep nor spirit, lead by the nose, lather your neck, hang your ears); b) to the category of linguistic means with a positive emotional-expressive connotation ( to keep as the apple of your eye - trade.) or with a negative emotional-expressive coloring (without the king in the head - disapproved, small fry - disdained, worthless - despised.).

14. Stylistically colored vocabulary

To enhance expressiveness in the text, all categories of stylistically colored vocabulary can be used:

1) emotionally expressive (evaluative) vocabulary, including:

a) words with a positive emotional-expressive assessment: solemn, sublime (including Old Church Slavonicisms): inspiration, future, fatherland, aspirations, hidden, unshakable; sublimely poetic: serene, radiant, enchantment, azure; approving: noble, outstanding, amazing, brave; endearments: sunshine, darling, daughter

b) words with a negative emotional-expressive assessment: disapproving: speculation, bickering, nonsense; dismissive: upstart, hustler; contemptuous: dunce, crammer, scribbling; abusive/

2) functionally and stylistically colored vocabulary, including:

a) book: scientific (terms: alliteration, cosine, interference); official business: the undersigned, report; journalistic: report, interview; artistic and poetic: azure, eyes, cheeks

b) colloquial (everyday): dad, boy, braggart, healthy

15. Vocabulary of limited use

To enhance expressiveness in the text, all categories of vocabulary of limited use can also be used, including:

Dialectal vocabulary (words that are used by residents of a particular area: kochet - rooster, veksha - squirrel);

Colloquial vocabulary (words with a pronounced reduced stylistic connotation: familiar, rude, dismissive, abusive, located on the border or outside the literary norm: beggar, drunkard, cracker, trash talker);

Professional vocabulary (words that are used in professional speech and are not included in the system of general literary language: galley - in the speech of sailors, duck - in the speech of journalists, window - in the speech of teachers);

Slang vocabulary (words characteristic of youth slang: party, bells and whistles, cool; computer: brains - computer memory, keyboard - keyboard; to the soldier: demobilization, scoop, perfume; criminal jargon: bro, raspberry);

The vocabulary is outdated (historicisms are words that have fallen out of use due to the disappearance of the objects or phenomena they denote: boyar, oprichnina, horse-drawn horse; archaisms are outdated words naming objects and concepts for which new names have appeared in the language: forehead - forehead, sail - sail); - new vocabulary (neologisms - words that have recently entered the language and have not yet lost their novelty: blog, slogan, teenager).

26.3 FIGURES (RHETORICAL FIGURES, STYLISTIC FIGURES, FIGURES OF SPEECH) ARE STYLISTIC DEVICES based on special combinations of words that go beyond the scope of normal practical use, and aimed at enhancing the expressiveness and figurativeness of the text. The main figures of speech include: rhetorical question, rhetorical exclamation, rhetorical appeal, repetition, syntactic parallelism, polyunion, non-union, ellipsis, inversion, parcellation, antithesis, gradation, oxymoron. Unlike lexical means, this is the level of a sentence or several sentences.

Note: In the tasks there is no clear definition format indicating these means: they are called syntactic means, and a technique, and simply a means of expressiveness, and a figure. In task 24, the figure of speech is indicated by the number of the sentence given in brackets.

16.Rhetorical question is a figure that contains a statement in the form of a question. A rhetorical question does not require an answer; it is used to enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of speech, and to attract the reader’s attention to a particular phenomenon:

Why did he give his hand to insignificant slanderers, Why did he believe false words and caresses, He, with youth who has comprehended people?.. (M. Yu. Lermontov);

17.Rhetorical exclamation is a figure that contains a statement in the form of an exclamation. Rhetorical exclamations enhance the expression of certain feelings in a message; they are usually distinguished not only by special emotionality, but also by solemnity and elation:

That was on the morning of our years - Oh happiness! oh tears! O forest! oh life! oh sunshine! ABOUT fresh spirit birch trees (A.K. Tolstoy);

Alas! The proud country bowed to the power of a stranger. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

18.Rhetorical appeal- this is a stylistic figure consisting of an emphasized appeal to someone or something to enhance the expressiveness of speech. It serves not so much to name the addressee of the speech, but to express the attitude towards what is said in the text. Rhetorical appeals can create solemnity and pathos of speech, express joy, regret and other shades of mood and emotional state:

My friends! Our union is wonderful. He, like the soul, is uncontrollable and eternal (A.S. Pushkin);

Oh, deep night! Oh, cold autumn! Mute! (K. D. Balmont)

19.Repetition (positional-lexical repetition, lexical repetition)- this is a stylistic figure consisting of the repetition of any member of a sentence (word), part of a sentence or a whole sentence, several sentences, stanzas in order to attract special attention to them.

Types of repetition are anaphora, epiphora and pickup.

Anaphora(translated from Greek - ascent, rise), or unity of beginning, is the repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of lines, stanzas or sentences:

Lazy the hazy noon breathes,

Lazy the river is rolling.

And in the fiery and pure firmament

Clouds are melting lazily (F.I. Tyutchev);

Epiphora(translated from Greek - addition, final sentence of a period) is the repetition of words or groups of words at the end of lines, stanzas or sentences:

Although man is not eternal,

That which is eternal - humanely.

What is a day or an age?

Before what is infinite?

Although man is not eternal,

That which is eternal - humanely(A. A. Fet);

They got a loaf of light bread - joy!

Today the film is good in the club - joy!

A two-volume edition of Paustovsky was brought to the bookstore. joy!(A.I. Solzhenitsyn)

Pickup- this is a repetition of any segment of speech (sentence, poetic line) at the beginning of the corresponding segment of speech following it:

He fell down on cold snow,

On the cold snow, like a pine tree,

Like a pine tree in a damp forest (M. Yu. Lermontov);

20. Parallelism (syntactic parallelism)(in translation from Greek - walking next to) - identical or similar construction of adjacent parts of the text: adjacent sentences, poetic lines, stanzas, which, when correlated, create a single image:

I look at the future with fear,

I look at the past with longing... (M. Yu. Lermontov);

I was a ringing string for you,

I was your blooming spring,

But you didn't want flowers

And you didn't hear the words? (K. D. Balmont)

Often using antithesis: What is he looking for in a distant land? What did he throw in his native land?(M. Lermontov); Not the country is for business, but business is for the country (from the newspaper).

21. Inversion(translated from Greek - rearrangement, inversion) is a change in the usual order of words in a sentence in order to emphasize the semantic significance of any element of the text (word, sentence), giving the phrase a special stylistic coloring: solemn, high-sounding or, conversely, colloquial, somewhat reduced characteristics. The following combinations are considered inverted in Russian:

The agreed definition comes after the word being defined: I’m sitting behind bars in dungeon dank(M. Yu. Lermontov); But there were no swells running through this sea; the stuffy air did not flow: it was brewing great thunderstorm(I. S. Turgenev);

Additions and circumstances expressed by nouns come before the word to which they relate: Hours of monotonous battle(monotonous clock strike);

22.Parcellation(in translation from French - particle) - a stylistic device that consists in dividing a single syntactic structure of a sentence into several intonational and semantic units - phrases. At the point where the sentence is divided, a period, exclamation and question marks, and an ellipsis can be used. In the morning, bright as a splint. Scary. Long. Ratnym. The rifle regiment was defeated. Our. In an unequal battle(R. Rozhdestvensky); Why isn't anyone outraged? Education and healthcare! The most important areas of society! Not mentioned in this document at all(From newspapers); It is necessary for the state to remember the main thing: its citizens are not individuals. And people. (From newspapers)

23. Non-union and multi-union- syntactic figures based on deliberate omission, or, conversely, deliberate repetition of conjunctions. In the first case, when omitting conjunctions, speech becomes condensed, compact, and dynamic. The actions and events depicted here quickly, instantly unfold, replacing each other:

Swede, Russian - stabs, chops, cuts.

Drumming, clicks, grinding.

The thunder of guns, stomping, neighing, groaning,

And death and hell on all sides. (A.S. Pushkin)

In case multi-union speech, on the contrary, slows down, pauses and repeated conjunctions highlight words, expressively emphasizing their semantic significance:

But And grandson, And great-grandson, And great-great-grandson

They grow in me while I grow... (P.G. Antokolsky)

24.Period- a long, polynomial sentence or a very common simple sentence, which is distinguished by completeness, unity of topic and intonational division into two parts. In the first part, the syntactic repetition of the same type of subordinate clauses (or members of the sentence) occurs with an increasing increase in intonation, then there is a significant pause separating it, and in the second part, where the conclusion is given, the tone of voice noticeably decreases. This intonation design forms a kind of circle:

If I wanted to limit my life to the home circle, / When a pleasant lot ordered me to be a father, a husband, / If I were captivated by the family picture for even a single moment, then it’s true that I wouldn’t look for another bride besides you. (A.S. Pushkin)

25.Antithesis or opposition(translated from Greek - opposition) is a turn in which opposing concepts, positions, images are sharply contrasted. To create an antithesis, antonyms are usually used - general linguistic and contextual:

You are rich, I am very poor, You are a prose writer, I am a poet(A.S. Pushkin);

Yesterday I looked into your eyes,

And now everything is looking sideways,

Yesterday I was sitting before the birds,

All larks these days are crows!

I'm stupid and you're smart

Alive, but I'm dumbfounded.

O cry of women of all times:

“My dear, what have I done to you?” (M. I. Tsvetaeva)

26.Gradation(in translation from Latin - gradual increase, strengthening) - a technique consisting of a sequential arrangement of words, expressions, tropes (epithets, metaphors, comparisons) in the order of strengthening (increasing) or weakening (decreasing) of a characteristic. Increasing gradation usually used to enhance the imagery, emotional expressiveness and impact of the text:

I called you, but you didn’t look back, I shed tears, but you didn’t condescend(A. A. Blok);

Glowed, burned, shone huge Blue eyes. (V. A. Soloukhin)

Descending gradation is used less frequently and usually serves to enhance the semantic content of the text and create imagery:

He brought mortal resin

Yes, a branch with withered leaves. (A.S. Pushkin)

27.Oxymoron(translated from Greek - witty-stupid) is a stylistic figure in which usually incompatible concepts are combined, usually contradicting each other ( bitter joy, ringing silence etc.); it turns out new meaning, and the speech acquires special expressiveness: From that hour began for Ilya sweet torment, lightly scorching the soul (I. S. Shmelev);

Eat joyful melancholy in the red of dawn (S. A. Yesenin);

But their ugly beauty I soon comprehended the mystery. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

28. Allegory– allegory, transmission of an abstract concept through a concrete image: Foxes and wolves must win(cunning, malice, greed).

29.Default- a deliberate break in the statement, conveying the emotion of the speech and suggesting that the reader will guess what was unspoken: But I wanted... Perhaps you...

In addition to the above syntactic means of expressiveness, the tests also contain the following:

-exclamation sentences;

- dialogue, hidden dialogue;

-question-and-answer form of presentation a form of presentation in which questions and answers to questions alternate;

-rows of homogeneous members;

-citation;

-introductory words and constructions

-Incomplete sentences– sentences in which any member is missing that is necessary for completeness of structure and meaning. Missing sentence members can be restored and contextualized.

.
When I look at the photographs, I can hardly imagine what he is like now, how he speaks, laughs, how he holds his little daughter in his arms. I think her name is Marina. . However, all this is useless. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. . .
My mother broke up with my father about ten years ago. And although she assures me that I cannot remember anything, how I was too young, I remember. How can this be forgotten?... Those tense late-night conversations in the kitchen, when they suddenly began to officially call each other by their first and patronymic names: >. It seemed to them that they were speaking quietly, but for me it was as if explosions were roaring around, tearing a small, cozy world to shreds. I hid my head under the pillow, but even there it was impossible to hide from this terrible cannonade...

No. . .Mom is right when she says: there is no need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. So many years have passed. Yes. it was painful and scary, but gradually everything calmed down and was forgotten. . .is it only that sometimes the memory unexpectedly comes back to that snowy and sunny winter day when he, flushed, tired, but so happy, was taking my mother and me on a sled, and then we drank scalding hot tea from a thermos - a unique taste of childhood... Or that summer morning when, while riding a bicycle, I fell and broke my leg. My father carried me in his arms all the way to the hospital, and I felt the strength and warmth of his hands.... Or. . .
No! No > . No need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. There is an abyss between us, ten years when everyone lived their own lives. And it’s good that it happened this way. I got used to spending my free time alone or with friends, I quickly grew up and became independent. Sometimes it even seems to me that there has never been anyone in my life except my mother. . .
And recently I received a letter from him: he arrived, returned from abroad, where he worked for several years, and wants to meet with me. For what? . .We have been completely for a long time. .
Who's there? ! Such a familiar silhouette at our gate.... >
(According to G.I. Andreev*)

Guys, help me formulate the problem.

When I look at photographs, I can hardly imagine what he is like now, how he speaks, laughs, how he holds
holding his little daughter in his arms. I think her name is Marina. . However, all this is useless. We've been around for a long time
complete strangers. . .
My mother broke up with my father about ten years ago. And although she assures me that I can't remember anything like it was
too small, I remember. How can this be forgotten?... These tense night conversations in the kitchen, when they suddenly
began to officially call each other by first name and patronymic: >. It seemed to them that they were speaking quietly, but for me there was
It was as if explosions were roaring, tearing the small cozy world to shreds. I hid my head under the pillow, but
even there it was impossible to hide from this terrible cannonade...
No. . .Mom is right when she says: there is no need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. It's been so long
years. Yes. it was painful and scary, but gradually everything calmed down and was forgotten. . .except sometimes unexpectedly
recalls that snowy and sunny winter day when he, flushed, tired, but so
happy, took my mother and me on a sled, and then we drank scalding hot tea from a thermos - a unique taste
childhood... Or that summer morning when, while riding a bicycle, I fell and broke my leg. My father carried me in his arms
all the way to the hospital, and I felt the strength and warmth of his hands.... Or. . .
No! No > . No need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. There's an abyss between us, ten
years when everyone lived their own lives. And it’s good that it happened this way. I'm used to free time
spend alone or with friends, quickly matured and became independent. Sometimes it even seems to me that
In my life, there has never been anyone except my mother. . .
And recently a letter came from him: he arrived, returned from abroad, where he worked for several years, and wants to
meet me. For what? . .We have been completely for a long time. .
Who's there? ! Such a familiar silhouette at our gate.... > - I scream on the shore, and the thickly written sheets of paper
pour out of my diary and, caught by the wind, fly away.

URGENTLY!! VERY NEEDED! Help please

What is the author's position here? And what conclusion can be drawn from this text?
And there is nothing to think about: he is a complete stranger to me. .
When I look at the photographs, I can hardly imagine what he is like now, how he speaks, laughs, how he holds his little daughter in his arms. I think her name is Marina. . However, all this is useless. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. .
My mother broke up with my father about ten years ago. And although she assures me that I cannot remember anything, how I was too young, I remember. How can this be forgotten?... These tense late-night conversations in the kitchen, when they suddenly began to officially call each other by their first and patronymic names:<<Георгий Иванович, Маргарита Петровна. . >>. It seemed to them that they were speaking quietly, but for me it was as if explosions were roaring around, tearing a small, cozy world to shreds. I hid my head under the pillow, but even there it was impossible to hide from this terrible cannonade. . .

No. . Mom is right when she says: there is no need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. So many years have passed. Yes. it was painful and scary, but gradually everything calmed down and was forgotten. . unless sometimes the memory unexpectedly comes back to that snowy and sunny winter day when he, flushed, tired, but so happy, was taking my mother and me on a sled, and then we drank scalding hot tea from a thermos - a unique taste of childhood.... Or that summer morning when, while riding a bicycle, I fell and broke my leg. My father carried me in his arms all the way to the hospital, and I felt the strength and warmth of his hands.... Or. .
No! None<<или>> . No need to remember. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. There is an abyss between us, ten years when everyone lived their own lives. And it’s good that it happened this way. I got used to spending my free time alone or with friends, I quickly grew up and became independent. Sometimes it even seems to me that there has never been anyone in my life except my mother. .
And recently I received a letter from him: he arrived, returned from abroad, where he worked for several years, and wants to meet with me. For what? . We've been perfect for a long time now. .
Who's there? ! Such a familiar silhouette at our gate....<<Папочка! >> - I scream on the shore, and thickly written sheets of paper pour out of my diary and, caught by the wind, fly away.
(According to G.I. Andreev*)

Highlight the problem of the text and give two arguments from the literature!!!

And there is nothing to think about: he is a complete stranger to me. .
When I look at the photographs, I can hardly imagine what he is like now, how he speaks, laughs, how he holds his little daughter in his arms. I think her name is Marina. . However, all this is useless. We have been complete strangers for a long time now. .

help me give examples from the literature, please. When L.N. Tolstoy unleashed his anger on empty “art for art’s sake” and in the heat of ideological

polemicists rashly classified landscape painting as art of this kind, I.E. Repin, objecting, decisively refuted it. Landscapes are dear to us not only because, he believed, that they correctly depict nature, but also because they reflect the impression of the artist, his personal attitude towards nature, and understanding of its beauty. Indeed, the best Russian landscape painters refuted Tolstoy’s point of view with their creativity. Who can doubt that since the time of F.A. Vasiliev, the Russian landscape awakens in people a noble feeling of love for native land, unexpectedly revealing the beauty in the ordinary and thereby helping a person become, in the words of I.N. Kramskoy, “better, kinder, healthier”! Isn’t this where real mastery breathes and isn’t that what it consists of? main goal art? His teacher I.I. Shishkin worked alongside Vasiliev, who was sensitive to the changing moods of nature. Both artists showed their “personal attitude” to nature in different ways, and each expressed his own understanding of its beauty, which was fully embodied in his work. “Shishkin simply amazes us with his knowledge,” wrote Kramskoy. “I think he’s the only person we have who knows the landscape.” Moreover, he knows him in the most scientific way.” Shishkin's paintings captivated his contemporaries precisely with this exceptional knowledge of nature. His clear canvases were like detailed stories about the life of mighty groves, noisy oak forests and endless fields with ripe rye bending in the wind. In his stories, Shishkin did not miss a single detail. We can only be amazed at the impeccable fidelity with which he depicted everything: the age of the trees, their character, the soil on which they grow, and how tenacious roots are exposed on the edges of sandy cliffs, and how stones and boulders lie in clean waters forest stream, and how spots of sunlight are located on rounded trunks and green grass... Yes, in his slow, leisurely and clear narrative, what Kramskoy figuratively called “a string of the soul that could turn into a song” almost did not appear. The hardworking Shishkin was a prose writer of the Russian landscape, Vasiliev, sensitive and lyrical, became its poet. At the same time, the art of each of them could never be called “empty and meaningless”; each of the authors conveyed love for their native land in their own way. The creativity of each of them fully confirmed the correctness of Repin and the fallacy of Tolstoy’s position.

Essay based on the text:

Will the father and mother forever remain the closest people to the child - this is what the modern writer and publicist Georgy Ivanovich Andreev discusses in the text proposed for analysis.

Revealing this problem, the author describes the story of one girl whose father left her family as a child. She desperately tries to convince herself that now she and her father are completely strangers, but when her father returns from abroad and comes to her, the girl happily rushes to meet him, realizing that he is still the most dear person to her.

The writer’s position is expressed quite clearly: no matter what happens, parents will forever remain the closest people to us.

Let us remember the story “Grey-haired” by Yu.M. Korotkov. Mother cuckoo surrendered her children to orphanage. In this “orphanage menagerie,” the boy, turning gray at the age of seven, became embittered, hated his mother, did not even want to go to her funeral... But years later, Oleg goes to the cemetery to fulfill his duty... He goes on his own. So, he forgave: after all, she is a mother... Isn’t this an example of how parents will always be the most dear people, even if they once did something bad for the child?

In Irina Kuramshina’s story “Filial Duty,” the main character Rena needs a kidney transplant, but she cannot find a donor. Her son Max declares that he will give her his, and this surprises and touches his mother. After all, she believes that he should hate her, because when he was a child, Rena, dating a foreigner, placed him in a 24-hour boarding school so that he would not cause her trouble, and even on weekends she rarely picked him up. Despite this, Max still decides to help his mother. This is filial duty! Here it is, love for parents, no matter what!

Thus, we must remember that for us there are no people closer and dearer than our father and mother. And no matter what happens, they will always remain the closest and dearest.

Text by G. I. Andreev:

(1) And there’s nothing to think about: he’s a complete stranger to me...
(2) When I look at the photographs, I can hardly imagine how he looks now, how he speaks, how he laughs, how he holds his little daughter in his arms. (3) It seems her name is Marina... (4) However, all this is useless. (5) We have been complete strangers for a long time now...
(6) Mom broke up with father ten years ago. (7) And although she assures me that I cannot remember anything because I was too young, I remember. (8) How can this be forgotten?.. (9) These tense night conversations in the kitchen, when they suddenly began to officially call each other by name and patronymic: “Georgy Ivanovich, Margarita Petrovna...”. (10) It seemed to them that they were speaking quietly, but for me it was as if explosions were roaring around, tearing the small cozy world to shreds. (11) I hid my head under the pillow, but even there it was impossible to hide from this terrible cannonade...
(12) No... (13) Mom says correctly: there is no need to remember. (14) We have been complete strangers for a long time. (15) So many years have passed. (16) Yes, it was painful and scary, but gradually everything calmed down and was forgotten... (17) Is it only sometimes that snowy and sunny winter day when he, flushed, tired, but so happy, took us with us? mom on a sled, and then we drank scalding hot tea from a thermos - a unique taste of childhood... (18) Or that summer morning when, while riding a bicycle, I fell and broke my leg. (19) My father carried me in his arms all the way to the hospital, and I felt the strength and warmth of his hands... (20) Or...
(21) No! (22) No “or”. (23) No need to remember. (24) We have been complete strangers for a long time. (25) There is an abyss between us, ten years when each lived his own life. (26) And it’s good that it happened this way. (27) I got used to spending my free time alone or with friends, I quickly grew up and became independent. (28) Sometimes it even seems to me that there has never been anyone in my life except my mother...
(29) And recently a letter came from him: he arrived, returned from abroad, where he worked for several years, and wants to meet with me. (Z0) Why?.. (31) We have long been completely...
(32) Who's there?! (33) Such a familiar silhouette at our gate... (34) “Daddy!” - I shout as I run, and thickly written sheets of paper fall out of my diary and, caught by the wind, fly away.