Cholelithiasis, or cholelithiasis, is a disease in which hard stones form in the gallbladder. What causes gallstones to form? The main reason for the development of pathology is metabolic disorders; Women of all ages and people who consume large amounts of fatty and protein foods are at risk.

Why and where do gallstones form? How to prevent this? Is the disease treatable? All this will be discussed in the article.

Causes of formation of gallstones

Why do gallstones form? Bile in its normal state has a liquid structure, which does not interfere with its outflow and does not contribute to the formation of solid deposits. Below are the main factors that can lead to pathological changes that cause the formation of gallstones:

1. Excessive consumption of foods rich in animal fats.
2. A dysfunction of the liver, in which the production of bile acids decreases.
3. Tendency to obesity, presence of excess body weight.
4. Side effects after taking hormonal contraceptives.
5. Cirrhosis of the liver.
6. Acute allergic reaction.
7. Diabetes.
8. Excessively high pressure in the gastrointestinal tract, interfering with the natural flow of bile.
9. Consequences of surgical interventions.
10. Various autoimmune conditions.
11. Lack of physical activity, leading a sedentary lifestyle.
12. Pregnancy.
13. Lack of a balanced and nutritious diet, prolonged fasting and sudden loss of body weight.
14. Kinks or damage to the bile ducts.
15. Malignant or benign neoplasms.
16. Genetic predisposition.

Types of stone formation

We figured out what causes gallstones to form. Now let's talk about the types of stone formation. Experts distinguish two types: at the initial stage, hard deposits form and form in the bile ducts. This pathology may not cause any symptoms for a long time.

The formation of stones gradually leads to disruption of processes associated with the outflow of bile. This contributes to a significant decrease in the volume of bile entering the intestines; increased pressure and dilation of the bile ducts, as well as their subsequent blockage. Against the background of these processes, secondary stone formation occurs. At this stage, there is an increased risk of infection from the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of gallstone disease

You already know what causes gallstones. What are the symptoms of cholelithiasis? The disease can last for 5-10 years without any noticeable symptoms. The development of the clinical picture depends on the volume of stones, their diameter and location. The following signs of the disease gradually begin to appear:

1. Attacks of boring or stabbing pain, the focus is in the right hypochondrium or liver. Discomfort increases after drinking alcohol or fatty foods, as well as after significant physical exertion. Seizures may go away on their own 4-6 hours after they occur.
2. A feeling of nausea, which often turns into profuse vomiting.
3. The appearance of belching and a bitter taste in the mouth, which indicates bile entering the stomach.
4. Complex disorders of the digestive system, leading to increased gas formation, diarrhea or constipation. Discoloration of stool may occur.
5. A feeling of general malaise and weakness, even in the absence of significant stress on the body.
6. The occurrence of febrile conditions, increased body temperature. Usually this symptom is a sign of inflammatory processes occurring due to the addition of a secondary infection.

Risk of complications

If you suspect gallstone disease, you should seek professional medical help. Specialists will conduct diagnostics to confirm the diagnosis, after which a course of therapy will be prescribed. Lack of timely measures can lead to the development of dangerous conditions, among which the following complications can be identified:

1. Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.
2. Rupture of the gallbladder.
3. The addition of a secondary infection that can lead to the development of chronic diseases.
4. Intestinal obstruction.
5. Development of neoplasms in the gallbladder.

Treatment and prevention

Suitable treatment methods are selected by specialists depending on the size of the stones and their location, as well as the general condition of the patient. Today the following main methods are used:

1. Endoscopic removal methods are minimally invasive surgery; this is the most preferred technique because it has a low risk of complications.
2. If there are large stones, they are pre-crushed, after which the fragments are removed using special equipment and tools.
3. Laparotomy is practiced when it is impossible to use endoscopic methods. The main difference is the mandatory connection between the intestine and the bile duct.
4. Antibiotics are prescribed when a secondary infection occurs that provokes inflammatory processes in the gallbladder. Depending on the pathologies and complications that have arisen, pharmacological drugs are selected on an individual basis.

There are no measures to completely protect yourself from the occurrence of gallstones. Below is a list of rules that, if followed, will help minimize this risk:

1. Playing sports, maintaining physical activity.
2. Maintaining optimal body weight.
3. Frequent but moderate consumption of food will prevent unwanted accumulation of bile.
4. Limiting the consumption of animal fats, including a sufficient amount of plant foods in the diet.
5. Inclusion of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount of about 20-30 g per day.
6. Complete exclusion of hot seasonings and smoked foods from the diet.
7. Prophylactic use of drugs based on ursodeoxycholic acid.

Stones after gallbladder removal

Do stones form after gallbladder removal? This question is of interest to most patients who have undergone surgery to remove the gallbladder, since it does not eliminate problems with metabolic processes that lead to the formation of stones. However, the risk of recurrence of gallstone disease is minimized, since the enlargement of stones usually occurs directly in the gallbladder. If it is absent, then such deposits, along with bile, are transported into the intestines and leave the body without having time to acquire sizes that can cause discomfort to a person.

What stones form in the gall bladder?

The main classification involves dividing stones into two groups, the division criterion being the mechanism of formation. True stones most often form during the progression of cholelithiasis: they are dark in color, oblong in shape and soft in structure; size does not exceed 30 mm. False stones are deposits that were not detected during surgery due to localization features.

Depending on the structure, stones are classified as fibrous, amorphous, crystalline or layered.

An alternative method of classification is to divide stones by composition. In accordance with it, calcareous, cholesterol, mixed or pigment formations can be distinguished. Deposits in the gallbladder rarely consist of one component; much more often they have a mixed composition, in which the concentration of cholesterol predominates.

How quickly do gallstones form?

According to statistics, every fifth person is susceptible to gallstone disease. The average growth rate of formations is about 3-5 mm annually, but these indicators are individual and depend on many factors. For example, in the absence of a balanced diet or adherence to strict dietary complexes and fasting techniques, growth occurs much faster. The process is wave-like, the stage of active growth is replaced by stabilization, in some cases partial dissolution of stones is observed naturally.

Now you know why gallstones form, how quickly, and how to prevent it. And if the disease still overcomes you, do not hesitate to go to the doctor. Your health is in your hands! Do not be ill!

Cholelithiasis, or cholelithiasis, is a disease in which hard stones form in the gallbladder. What causes gallstones to form? The main reason for the development of pathology is metabolic disorders; Women of all ages and people who consume large amounts of fatty and protein foods are at risk.

Why and where do gallstones form? How to prevent this? Is the disease treatable? All this will be discussed in the article.

Causes of formation of gallstones

Why stones form in a normal state has a liquid structure, which does not interfere with its outflow and does not contribute to the formation of solid deposits. Below are the main factors that can lead to pathological changes that cause the formation of gallstones:

1. Excessive consumption of foods rich in animal fats.
2. A dysfunction of the liver in which the production of
3. Tendency to obesity, presence of excess body weight.
4. Side effects after taking hormonal contraceptives.
5. Cirrhosis of the liver.
6. Acute allergic reaction.
7. Diabetes.
8. Excessively high pressure in the gastrointestinal tract, interfering with the natural flow of bile.
9. Consequences of surgical interventions.
10. Various autoimmune conditions.
11. Lack of physical activity, leading a sedentary lifestyle.
12. Pregnancy.
13. Lack of a balanced and nutritious diet, prolonged fasting and sudden loss of body weight.
14. Kinks or damage to the bile ducts.
15. Malignant or benign neoplasms.
16. Genetic predisposition.

Types of stone formation

We figured out what causes gallstones to form. Now let's talk about the types of stone formation. Experts distinguish two types: at the initial stage, hard deposits form and form in the bile ducts. This pathology may not cause any symptoms for a long time.

The formation of stones gradually leads to disruption of processes associated with the outflow of bile. This contributes to a significant decrease in the volume of bile entering the intestines; increased pressure and dilation of the bile ducts, as well as their subsequent blockage. Against the background of these processes, secondary stone formation occurs. At this stage, there is an increased risk of infection from the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of gallstone disease

You already know what causes gallstones. What are the symptoms of cholelithiasis? The disease can last for 5-10 years without any noticeable symptoms. The development of the clinical picture depends on the volume of stones, their diameter and location. The following signs of the disease gradually begin to appear:

1. Attacks of boring or stabbing pain, the focus is in the right hypochondrium or liver. Discomfort increases after drinking alcohol or fatty foods, as well as after significant physical exertion. Seizures may go away on their own 4-6 hours after they occur.
2. A feeling of nausea, which often turns into profuse vomiting.
3. The appearance of belching and a bitter taste in the mouth, which indicates bile entering the stomach.
4. Complex disorders of the digestive system, leading to increased gas formation, diarrhea or constipation. Discoloration of stool may occur.
5. A feeling of general malaise and weakness, even in the absence of significant stress on the body.
6. The occurrence of febrile conditions, increased body temperature. Usually this symptom is a sign of inflammatory processes occurring due to the addition of a secondary infection.

Risk of complications

If you suspect gallstone disease, you should seek professional medical help. Specialists will conduct diagnostics to confirm the diagnosis, after which a course of therapy will be prescribed. Lack of timely measures can lead to the development of dangerous conditions, among which the following complications can be identified:

1. Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.
2. Rupture of the gallbladder.
3. The addition of a secondary infection that can lead to the development of chronic diseases.
4. Intestinal obstruction.
5. Development of neoplasms in the gallbladder.

Treatment and prevention

Suitable treatment methods are selected by specialists depending on the size of the stones and their location, as well as the general condition of the patient. Today the following main methods are used:

1. Endoscopic removal methods are minimally invasive surgery; this is the most preferred technique because it has a low risk of complications.
2. If there are large stones, they are pre-crushed, after which the fragments are removed using special equipment and tools.
3. Laparotomy is practiced when it is impossible to use endoscopic methods. The main difference is the mandatory connection between the intestine and the bile duct.
4. Antibiotics are prescribed when a secondary infection occurs that provokes inflammatory processes in the gallbladder. Depending on the pathologies and complications that have arisen, pharmacological drugs are selected on an individual basis.

There are no measures to completely protect yourself from the occurrence of gallstones. Below is a list of rules that, if followed, will help minimize this risk:

1. Playing sports, maintaining physical activity.
2. Maintaining optimal body weight.
3. Frequent but moderate consumption of food will prevent unwanted accumulation of bile.
4. Limiting the consumption of animal fats, including a sufficient amount of plant foods in the diet.
5. Inclusion of dietary fiber in the diet in an amount of about 20-30 g per day.
6. Complete exclusion of hot seasonings and smoked foods from the diet.
7. Prophylactic use of drugs based on ursodeoxycholic acid.

Stones after gallbladder removal

Do stones form? This question interests most patients who have undergone surgery to remove the gallbladder, since it does not eliminate problems with metabolic processes that lead to the formation of stones. However, the risk of recurrence of gallstone disease is minimized, since the enlargement of stones usually occurs directly in the gallbladder. If it is absent, then such deposits, along with bile, are transported into the intestines and leave the body without having time to acquire sizes that can cause discomfort to a person.

What stones form in the gall bladder?

The main classification involves dividing stones into two groups, the division criterion being the mechanism of formation. True stones most often form during the progression of cholelithiasis: they are dark in color, oblong in shape and soft in structure; size does not exceed 30 mm. False stones are deposits that were not detected during surgery due to localization features.

Depending on the structure, stones are classified as fibrous, amorphous, crystalline or layered.

An alternative method of classification is to divide stones by composition. In accordance with it, calcareous, cholesterol, mixed or pigment formations can be distinguished. Deposits in the gallbladder rarely consist of one component; much more often they have a mixed composition, in which the concentration of cholesterol predominates.

How quickly do gallstones form?

According to statistics, every fifth person is susceptible to gallstone disease. The average growth rate of formations is about 3-5 mm annually, but these indicators are individual and depend on many factors. For example, in the absence of a balanced diet or adherence to strict dietary complexes and fasting techniques, growth occurs much faster. The process is wave-like, the stage of active growth is replaced by stabilization, in some cases partial dissolution of stones is observed naturally.

Now you know why gallstones form, how quickly, and how to prevent it. And if the disease still overcomes you, do not hesitate to go to the doctor. Your health is in your hands! Do not be ill!

Inna Lavrenko

Reading time: 6 minutes

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A disease in which stones form in the gall bladder (in medicine - calculi) is called cholelithiasis or cholelithiasis.

Stones that form in this organ as a result of metabolic disorders leading to the precipitation of bile components such as cholesterol and bilirubin are called calculi.

The name of the pathology in which stones form directly in the gallbladder is called cholecystolithiasis, and if they form in the bile ducts, then it is choledocholithiasis.

Many people ask “stones in the gall bladder - what is the correct name of the disease: cholelithiasis or cholelithiasis?” The answer is that it is correct to call this disease cholelithiasis.

If we talk about the frequency of diagnosing this pathology of the biliary system, then it ranks third in terms of this indicator after diseases of the cardiovascular system and diabetes mellitus. This disease is most common in countries with developed economies, where people lead a sedentary lifestyle, eat on the go and are constantly under stress.

The main purpose of the gallbladder is to accumulate bile continuously produced by the liver, bring it to the desired consistency and portionwise release this liver secretion into the digestive system when food enters there. In the process of bile secretion and bile outflow, in addition to the liver and gallbladder, the system of bile ducts (hepatic, bile and common), as well as organs such as the pancreas and duodenum, also participate. The joint work of these internal organs ensures an efficient digestive process, in which bile enters the intestines only during the digestion process, and the rest of the time is stored in the gallbladder.

Stones in the gallbladder begin to form when bile stagnates in its cavity and its chemical composition changes. In addition, the formation of stones can be caused by inflammation and disturbances in the motility and tone of this internal organ. When liver secretion stagnates, some of its components precipitate and crystallize. If the process continues for a long time, it means that either one large stone can form from these crystals, or multiple stones can form.

How quickly do gallstones form? They grow quite slowly. The process of such stone formation can last for many years (usually from five to ten years, but sometimes longer). The speed of this process depends on the person’s diet and diet and physical activity.

Gallbladder stones - what are they? Gallstones formed in this organ and its ducts are of three types:

• cholesterol (from 80 to 90 percent of all stones);
• pigment (bilirubin);
• mixed (with calcium impurities).

Cholesterol stones form when bile is oversaturated with “bad” cholesterol, which precipitates on the walls of the bladder and forms cholesterol crystals. If the motility of this organ is impaired, then these crystals are not excreted through the intestinal system and begin to increase in size.

Bilirubin (pigment) stones are formed during the process of increased breakdown of red blood cells against the background of hemolytic anemia, in which the level of bilirubin increases.

Mixed stones can form from a combination of cholesterol, bilirubin and calcium. As a rule, they form against the background of inflammation of the gallbladder and its ducts.

What causes stone formation in the gallbladder?

The main negative factors causing cholelithiasis, experts include:

• cholecystitis;
• cholangitis;
• infectious damage to this organ, in which pathogenic microorganisms convert bilirubin soluble in water into an insoluble form;
• diseases of the body's endocrine system:
• diabetes;
• hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency);
• disturbance of estrogen metabolism, characteristic of pathologies of a gynecological nature, as well as with long-term use of oral contraceptives and in the case of pregnancy, in which the contractility of the bladder weakens;
• cholesterol metabolism disorders:
• atherosclerosis;
• obesity;
• gout;
• an increase in the level of bilirubin in bile (hyperbilirubinemia against the background of hemolytic anemia);
• hereditary causes (genetic predisposition);
• overeating or starvation;
• violation of the regularity of the diet;
• abuse of fatty and cholesterol-containing foods and alcohol, in which the bile reaction goes into the acidic phase and creates a favorable environment for stone formation.

Gallstone disease can be completely asymptomatic for quite a long time. Often, the presence of stones in this organ is discovered either at a late stage of development of the disease, or accidentally, during an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity for a completely different reason. As a rule, external signs of this pathology appear when a large stone in the gall bladder begins to migrate and enters the bile duct or if an infectious infection begins against the background of this pathology.

The symptoms of this disease directly depend on the location of the stones, their size, the presence and severity of inflammation, as well as the presence of concomitant pathologies of the digestive organs.

If the stone begins to move along the bile duct, an attack of so-called biliary colic occurs, characterized by a sudden sharp pain in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium, which can radiate to the right shoulder or shoulder blade. Such an attack can be triggered by poor nutrition (especially fatty foods), stress and increased physical activity.

Often, the pain syndrome is accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, which turns into periodic vomiting, a bitter taste in the mouth, itching of the skin, and a change in the color of stool (stool becomes lighter and urine becomes darker). The duration of pain can be from five minutes to three to four hours (sometimes longer). The pain syndrome either goes away on its own or is stopped with antispasmodics or analgesics.

It is worth saying that the clinical picture of biliary colic can sometimes resemble manifestations of other pathologies, such as right-sided pneumonia, acute attack of appendicitis, liver abscess, renal colic or an attack of acute pancreatitis.

In some cases, the so-called cholecystocardial syndrome manifests itself, in which pain radiates to the heart area.

If a large stone completely blocks the duct, then bile, unable to find a way out, accumulates in the bladder. The full gallbladder increases in size, bile components enter the blood, and obstructive jaundice occurs. As a rule, this is accompanied by severe pain and general intoxication of the body, so in such cases, urgent surgery is needed.

Due to certain difficulties in making a diagnosis, at the slightest manifestation of disturbing symptoms, you should immediately seek medical help, since differential diagnosis is only possible with the use of instrumental and laboratory diagnostic techniques.

Methods for making this diagnosis

As mentioned just above, to make an accurate diagnosis of gallstone disease, both instrumental and laboratory tests are used.

The main instrumental techniques in this case are:

Laboratory research methods:

• determination of the level of total bilirubin, its fractions, transaminase. Allows you to assess the current functional state of the liver;
• lipidogram (determination of triglyceride and cholesterol levels). If this level exceeds the norm, then treatment should be aimed at lowering them in order to prevent or slow down stone formation;
• examination by a surgeon. Necessary for choosing the most effective treatment tactics and assessing the possibility of surgical intervention.

Treatment methods for this pathology

To treat this pathology, both conservative and surgical treatment methods are used.

Conservative treatment

It involves the use of drug therapy and is prescribed in the case when X-ray negative (not visible on X-rays) floating stones in the gall bladder are cholesterol, and their size does not exceed 15 millimeters. At the same time, the contractility of the gallbladder and the patency of its ducts must be maintained at the proper level.

Contraindications for drug treatment of gallstones are:

• acute cholecystitis;
• cholangitis;
• if the size of the stones exceeds 2 centimeters;
• the presence of concomitant pathologies, namely:
• liver diseases;
• diabetes mellitus;
• duodenal ulcers;
• stomach ulcers;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• inflammation of the small and large intestine;
• for obesity;
• during pregnancy;
• when the organ is “disabled” (the gallbladder does not function);
• if the stones are bilirubin or mixed in nature;
• for cancer of the gallbladder;
• if there is a large number of stones in the bladder, occupying more than half of its cavity.

To dissolve stones in this organ, drugs based on ursodeoxycholic or chenodoxycholic acids (Ursofalk, Henofalk) are used.

Therapy is long-term (one course is designed for a period of six months to a year). Even if successful, the probability of recurrent stone formation is 50 percent, since the cause of stone formation is not eliminated by such means. Dosages, dosage regimen and duration of therapy can only be prescribed by a doctor (either a therapist or a gastroenterologist). Self-medication is strictly unacceptable.

To crush single large stones, the shock wave cholelithotripsy technique is used, which involves breaking up stones using shock waves. Then smaller stones are dissolved using the drugs listed above. Relapse is possible in 30 percent of cases.

Since cholelithiasis may not manifest itself for a long time, it is rarely diagnosed in the early stages. This limits the possibility of using conservative treatment methods due to the late detection of fully formed stones. In such cases, surgery is often the only option.

Surgical techniques for the treatment of cholelithiasis

Planned surgical intervention is best performed either before the first manifestation of biliary colic, or immediately after it. Otherwise, the risk of serious complications increases many times over. As a rule, surgical treatment involves removal of the gallbladder.

This operation is called cholecystectomy. It is performed either in the traditional (cavity) way, or using laparoscopy (minimally invasive intervention through small punctures in the peritoneum). During conservative treatment and after cholecystectomy, the patient must follow a diet called “Treatment Table No. 5.”

It involves fractional (frequent - from five to seven times a day) meals in small portions of food at equal time intervals. The following are excluded from the diet: fatty, spicy and fried foods and foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks, smoked foods, pickled and canned foods, lard, mushrooms, legumes, sweets, baked goods, cakes, pastries and other foods harmful to digestion.

It is recommended to consume lean (veal, chicken, rabbit, turkey) meat, lean types of sea and river fish, fermented milk products, vegetable oil, cottage cheese, cereals (buckwheat, rice, semolina, pearl barley, oatmeal), as well as fiber-rich vegetables and sweet berries and fruits and other “proper” foods. Changing your diet or diet is possible only with the permission of your doctor.

Walking for half an hour, swimming in the pool, sanatorium treatment at special resorts (Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk), as well as some physiotherapeutic procedures and physical therapy are useful. All prescriptions are within the exclusive competence of a qualified medical specialist.

If an infection develops against the background of this pathology, then acute cholecystitis, empyema (sick accumulation of pus), cholangitis (inflammation of the biliary tract) may occur.

All these complications can provoke bile peritonitis. The main symptoms are sharp, intense pain in the right hypochondrium, elevated temperature, fever, chills, confusion, severe weakness throughout the body.

Also, one of the common complications of this pathology is choledocholithiasis (formation or displacement of stones in the bile ducts) against the background of obstructive jaundice. In this case, after biliary paroxysmal colic, the following symptoms occur:

• itching on the skin;
• yellowish color of koi and eye sclera;
• urine – darkens;
• feces - brightens.

If the cystic duct is blocked for a long time and there is no infection, so-called dropsy of this organ may develop, in which bile is absorbed by the bladder, but its mucous membrane continues to produce mucus. The gallbladder increases in size. Main symptoms: biliary colic, after which subsides a feeling of heaviness remains in the right side of the abdomen.

If gallstone disease occurs over a long period of time, it significantly increases the risk of cancer of this organ, as well as acute or chronic pancreatitis (pathology of the pancreas).

If the intrahepatic ducts are blocked for a long time, then in such cases secondary biliary cirrhosis may occur.

Large gallstones are almost not subject to migration, but they can provoke the formation of a so-called fistula, which passes from the bile reservoir into the duodenum. As a result, a stone falls out of the gallbladder and begins to migrate into the intestines, which very often causes intestinal obstruction.

In conclusion, I would like to say that if you lead an active lifestyle, eat right and regularly undergo an annual abdominal ultrasound on your own initiative, the risk of this pathology is greatly reduced. Take care of yourself and be healthy!

Bruises appear on the human body due to various reasons. Many people tend to think that bruise and are one and the same phenomenon. But in reality there are certain differences. Bruises appear due to damage to the capillaries, and a hematoma is internal hemorrhage, that is, a more dangerous phenomenon for humans.

How do bruises appear?

In the human body, blood circulation occurs both through large vessels and small capillaries, which are located almost under the skin. As a result of injury, the skin may remain completely intact, but the capillaries underneath may burst. The appearance of a bruise is a consequence of bleeding from damaged capillaries. Later, as the bruise disappears, it changes color as it is affected.

Bruises on the body can appear both as a result of serious injuries and after minor bruises. Some people experience frequent bruises on the body, which sometimes appear for no apparent reason. Bruises often appear as symptoms of certain diseases. If the unreasonable appearance of bruises causes concern, then a doctor should find out why bruises often appear on the body.

Experts determine different degrees of bruises. At first degree In case of a bruise, the skin is slightly damaged, the person feels slight pain, and the bruise goes away within a few days. At second degree After a bruise, a person develops not only superficial bruises, but also muscle tears. As a result, hematomas and swelling are observed. Third degree A bruise leads to damage to muscles and tendons, and dislocations may occur. Third degree head contusions can be very dangerous. The most serious degree of injury is fourth . In this case, the damaged part of the body may completely lose its functions.

Why do bruises appear?

The reasons why bruises appear on the body can be due to various factors. Common causes of bruising are damage to the capillaries that are located under the skin.

Most often, bruises appear on the body due to bruises and injuries. In this case, the bruises that appear on the skin are clearly visible and are easy to notice even in the photo. Bruises on the body for no reason appear due to age-related changes in the skin. Gradually, the body experiences aging of connective tissues, which provide elasticity to the walls of blood vessels. As a result, capillaries that have lost their elasticity are damaged very easily, and a bruise appears even from touching clothing to the body. Another factor that may be the answer to the question of why bruises appear is a deficiency in the body. As a rule, this problem is relevant for women who have entered the menstrual break. Regular use of blood thinners for the purpose of prevention and can also provoke the sudden appearance of bruises.

If a person quickly develops bruises for no reason, then, first of all, he must remember whether there were any injuries or bruises that he simply forgot about. In people who have fair skin, bruises on the arms and other parts of the body are more noticeable. These people are more likely to have noticeable bruising around the eyes.

However, if the answer to the question of why bruises appear is not found, then it is best for a person to consult a doctor. Sometimes bruises appear on the knees, on the back and in other places due to a deficiency in the body. A deficiency of this vitamin leads to disruption of collagen synthesis, which, in turn, provokes increased fragility of blood vessels.

However, in some cases, the appearance of bruises can still be associated with quite serious illnesses. For example, the appearance of bruises on the body is typical for hemorrhagic vasculitis , during the development of which the immune system produces antibodies that destroy blood vessels.

Large bruises on the legs sometimes appear in people who are sick. The appearance of bruises on the legs is accompanied by the appearance of a network of capillaries next to them. Why bruises appear on the legs due to varicose veins, and how to get rid of this phenomenon, the doctor who prescribes treatment for varicose veins will tell you.

If bruises appear on the legs for no reason, and they do not go away for a long time, then consulting a doctor is required. Only after a thorough examination can you say exactly where the bruises appear on your legs.

Bruises under the nail appear due to damage to the nail plate due to injuries And pinching. Bruises on the toenails may occur due to wearing very tight and uncomfortable shoes. Due to the constant pressure of such shoes, bruises also appear directly on the toe.

Small bruises on the arms appear with some diseases. The appearance of such bruises may be associated with varicose veins and a blood clotting disorder. If a bruise appears on your arm, this may be due to the fragility of the blood vessels. However, it is possible that a bruise on the hands or finger was due to an injury that the person simply does not remember. A bruise on a vein often appears after medical procedures involving piercing veins.

Bags and bruises under the eyes are either a consequence of skin problems or indicate other health problems. However, any remedy for dark circles under the eyes can only be used if the cause of their appearance has been accurately established.

There is no doubt about the answer to the question of why bruises appeared in the eye area if a person received a severe injury. After a blow, a bruise appears within a few hours. In some cases, folk remedies can help quickly remove a black eye. It is recommended to apply cold immediately after injury to the site of impact to prevent extensive hemorrhage. This compress must be kept for 10 minutes, after which the procedure must be repeated several times every 2 hours. Bruises under the eyes from an impact can be quickly eliminated by using certain medications. This is an ointment Rescuer , other local remedies that promote the resorption of bruises. Your doctor will tell you how to remove bruises from an impact if the damage was very severe.

Bruises under the eyes in children and adults are often the result of a specific location of blood vessels. They are very close to the top layer of the skin, which creates the appearance of bruises under the eyes. In this case, the treatment will not bring the desired results. Sometimes bruises are the result of changes in skin pigmentation. A cosmetologist will tell you what to do in this case. As a rule, noticeable results can be obtained after prolonged use of the whitening cream.

If a person has a bruise on his face for no reason, and treatment with improvised means does not remove it, he should definitely consult a specialist. After all, such bruises can be evidence of problems with the activity of the heart, kidneys and other organs. In this case, the patient should not be concerned about how to treat a bruise on the face, but how to cure the cause of this symptom.

In some cases, dark circles under the eyes are the cause long-term dieting . Bruises especially often appear in middle-aged women due to a poor diet. Also, dark circles under the eyes are often the result of an unhealthy lifestyle. The answer to how to get rid of such bruises is simple: you need to completely reconsider your habits and give up addictions. How long bruises last after adjusting habits is an individual question. But sometimes positive changes are noticeable within a few weeks.

Parents are often concerned about bruises in their child that appear on different areas of the body for no reason. Bruises under the eyes of a child often indicate the development of various diseases. As pathological processes progress, the skin becomes thinner, causing blood vessels to become visible. If such a symptom is present, it is important to determine what exactly caused it. What should be especially alarming is the fact that the bruise does not go away for a long time and at the same time the blueness becomes more noticeable every day.

Bruises under the eyes of a child often appear if the baby is exposed to too much stress and as a result he has a high level of fatigue. In this case, the correct daily routine, active rest, and frequent walks will help. - another dangerous condition, one of the symptoms of which is dark circles under the eyes. How to treat anemia can only be determined after testing.

However, we should not forget other factors that influence the appearance of bruises in babies. First of all, it is a genetic predisposition. If the child’s parents have very thin skin and are sensitive to external influences, then bruises on the child’s body can sometimes appear even from weak blows. If the baby always has a lot of bruises, then in this case the relevant question is not what to apply to the bruises, but the general strengthening of the body. Proper nutrition and periodic intake of vitamin complexes are important.

But still, parents should understand that bruises on the child’s legs and other parts of the body appear very often due to his mobility. If the bruise is small, it will disappear after some time without treatment. If a large bruise due to a contusion appears in a noticeable place - for example, on a child’s forehead, you can use ointments that help the bruises disappear so that the bruise resolves faster.

How to get rid of bruises?

Bruises that appear in a person as a result of an ordinary injury, as a rule, go away on their own after some time. As a rule, a person is most often interested in how long a bruise does not go away, and what to do to make the bruises go away. According to experts, an ordinary bruise that appears after an injury goes away within a few weeks. Sometimes, with severe bruises, the skin becomes completely clear after about a month. In some cases, after a few days the person begins to worry about why they are staying. bruise marks. But the bruise may not disappear after a few days. The color of the bruise gradually changes from bluish before purple, and then until greenish.

How long the bruises last depends on where exactly they are located. The lower on the body the bruise appears, the longer it will be noticeable. Consequently, a bruise on the face disappears after about a week, but on a person’s legs sometimes bruises do not go away for a relatively long time. This is explained simply: the blood pressure in the vessels that are located in the legs is greater, therefore, the bruise in such a place will be more pronounced.

How quickly bruises go away often depends on how correctly first aid was administered. In order for bruises that appeared due to a blow as a result of an injury to go away faster, you should immediately after the injury apply ice or a cold heating pad to the place where the blow occurred. This will not only reduce the size of the resulting bruise, but will also relieve pain.

If the bruise is on a limb, the affected area should be bandaged elastic bandage , taking into account, first of all, the fact why bruises form. The fact is that by applying pressure to the burst joints, blood leakage is prevented. Therefore, the bruise will not be very large. What to do next depends on how severe the injury was. For moderate injuries and when a bruise has already formed, heat can be applied. With the help of warm compresses, blood vessels can be dilated, which promotes more intensive movement of accumulated fluid and blood cells. However, how long it will take for the bruises to go away depends primarily on the intensity of the injury and the severity of the bruise.

If a person is constantly bothered by bruises, then a doctor will be able to answer the question of why the bruises do not go away for a long time. You should definitely consult a doctor if the patient is interested in why bruises and swelling appear for no reason.

A cream or ointment containing vitamin K . Such remedies will help cure bruises from an impact on the eye, arm and other parts of the body. You need to rub such products into the place where the bruise formed after the blow at least twice a day. Products containing arnica extract help remove a bruise faster after a blow. However, they can only be used if there are no abrasions or cuts on the skin.

To strengthen the immune system and prevent the appearance of large bruises, it is recommended to eat foods containing large amounts of vitamin C, which activates the production of collagen in the body.

The doctors

Medicines

List of sources

• Murtha J. General Practitioner's Handbook. Per. from English M.: Praktika-McGraw-Hill; 1998;
• Traumatology and orthopedics: A guide for doctors / Ed. N.V. Kornilov: in 4 volumes. - St. Petersburg: Hippocrates, 2004;
• Savelyev V.S., Kornienko A.I., editors. Clinical surgery. National leadership. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2010. t. 3.;
• Shelekhov, K.K. Ambulance paramedic: Textbook. aid for students of education. institutions. Series “Medicine for you”. 2003

Over the past three months, I have been experiencing pain in my kidneys and difficulty urinating. I'm inclined to believe that I have stones. Tell me, how dangerous are kidney stones and how quickly do they grow?

Expert answer:

Kidney stones are a manifestation of urolithiasis, characterized by the formation of salt calculi (stones). They are expressed by aching pain in the lower back, attacks of renal colic, hematuria, pyuria. Diagnosis requires the study of biochemical parameters of urine and blood, ultrasound of the kidneys, and excretory urography. Treatment of kidney stones may include conservative therapy aimed at dissolving stones, or their surgical removal.
Growth rate

The process of formation of kidney stones is always individual and depends on a large number of factors. Their growth rate can reach up to one centimeter per month.

Causes of formations

Stone formation is based on the processes of crystallization of urine, saturated with all kinds of salts, and the deposition of crystals onto the protein matrix-core. Disorders of mineral metabolism may be genetically determined. Therefore, people with a family history of nephrolithiasis are recommended to pay attention to the prevention of stone formation, early detection of stones by monitoring a general urine test, undergoing an ultrasound of the kidneys and an ultrasound of the bladder, and observation by a urologist.

Acquired disorders of salt metabolism can be caused by external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) reasons. Among external factors, the greatest importance is given to climatic conditions and drinking regime and diet. In hot climates with increased sweating and a certain degree of dehydration, the concentration of salts in the urine increases, which leads to the formation of kidney stones. Dehydration is also caused by poisoning or an infectious disease.

Among the internal factors, there is hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands - hyperparathyroidism. Increased work of the parathyroid glands increases the phosphate content in the urine and the leaching of calcium from bone tissue. The concentration of calcium phosphate salts in the urine increases significantly.

Endogenous factors for the formation of stones also include gastrointestinal diseases - gastritis, peptic ulcers, colitis.