Many women planning to conceive use basal charts. BT indicators inform the patient about hormonal fluctuations, the onset of the ovulatory period, pregnancy and other changes. After ovulation and conception, BT levels remain elevated, which is associated with the active production of progesterone. But sometimes there is a low basal temperature during pregnancy. Is such a condition dangerous and why does it occur, what can cause it and does it threaten pregnancy?

Women's health must be protected from a young age

In fact, basal temperature charts are indicators of the patient’s gynecological health. Based on its values, a woman can determine when the most favorable time for conception is, on what day the egg matures, etc. Daily measurement of BBT and drawing up basal charts allows you to accurately calculate the ovulatory day. Before menstruation, basal levels remain at approximately 36.7-36.9 degrees, and by ovulation it rises above 37°C. If fertilization does not happen, then after the ovulatory period the BT drops again, and if it does, the rectal temperature will remain at an elevated 37 degrees after ovulation and until the end of the first half of pregnancy.

An increased basal temperature during pregnancy is considered the very first symptom of conception. All other early manifestations, such as delays and morning sickness, will appear a little later, but for now only a consistently increased BT indicates future motherhood. Although this indicator does not always indicate pregnancy, it is still worth paying attention to it and leaving unhealthy habits, as well as establishing a balanced regimen and diet.

Measurement rules

BT must be measured as soon as you wake up, lying in bed, when the body’s bioactivity is at its minimum.

• The thermometer is inserted into the anus or vagina, where it is kept for 5-7 minutes.
• All measurements must be carried out equally; you cannot measure the temperature in the anus today and in the vagina tomorrow.
• The measurement time should also be the same, only a small error of ± 1 hour is possible.
• Only one thermometer should be used for each measurement.
• You only need to measure BT while lying down, without standing up or even turning over on your side. If a girl sits up in bed or tosses and turns, then blood begins to flow strongly to the pelvic organs, which somewhat increases the true BT indicators.
• Before taking measurements, the girl should get a good night's sleep; she needs at least 6 hours of sleep, only then the results will be correct.
• You cannot have sex before the measurements; after intimacy, at least 12 hours must pass before the measurements.
• Also, while monitoring rectal temperature, it is necessary to stop taking medications, which can also distort the true indicators; with some medications, BT decreases, with others it increases.
• If you feel unwell, have a little cold or are too tired, then you need to note this in the chart, because even a slight runny nose can cause unreliable results.
• Eat breakfast only after measurements, because food also causes changes in BBT.
• Immediately after measurements, enter the results into the graph, otherwise there is a high probability of confusing or inaccurately recording the data, then the entire graph will become erroneous and its data unreliable.
• If before conception you did not monitor rectal indicators, and after it you decided to engage in a similar practice, then it is better to abandon this idea, because the data you receive cannot be compared with non-pregnant basal charts, and therefore it is not always possible to understand the presence of deviations.

When taking measurements, it is recommended to use a mercury thermometer rather than an electronic one, because it shows more accurate results. To get more complete information, a girl needs to take rectal temperature measurements over several female cycles.

BT in pregnant women

It is advisable to keep a special monthly calendar

A woman’s monthly cycle consists of two stages – follicular and luteinizing. The first stage lasts until the egg matures, and the second begins after it leaves the follicle and ends with menstruation. At different stages of the cycle, the patient undergoes different processes, which is manifested in thermal changes. It is by the sharp jump in rectal temperature two weeks before the next menstruation that you can understand that ovulation has occurred. At the onset of the ovulatory period, BT is about 37.3±0.2 degrees.

It is believed that only rectally it is possible to obtain accurate measurement results, because it is this thermal indicator that is determined by the functionality of the ovaries. The progesterone they produce, passing through the venous channels, causes fluctuations in BBT. Considering the special blood supply to the female gonads, such thermal fluctuations can only be determined through rectal measurements.

If conception occurs, the progesterone level begins to rise sharply. Such a reaction is provided by nature in order to ensure the embryo is safely attached to the uterine wall and maintains gestation. A similar temperature pattern will be observed until approximately the fifth month, after which the yellow-bodied gland fades, and the placental structures begin to produce progesterone production. Until about 20 weeks, BT data will be as informative as possible, but after that estrogen will begin to be actively produced, against the background of which temperature indicators will change.

If pregnant BT charts show strong fluctuations, this may indicate a threat of miscarriage. There is no need to take measurements for all patients in a row, but if a woman is at risk of miscarriage, then BT charts will help identify the presence of pathology in fetal development and eliminate it at the very initial stages.

Reduced basal rates

If all measuring rules are observed, the graphs can be used to understand whether fertilization has taken place. If in the middle of the cycle the thermodynamic data increase and persist for more than 10 days, then conception can be considered successful.

• For pregnant girls, the norm is 37-37.4°C.
• If conception has occurred, but there is a decrease in basal temperature below the accepted norm, this may indicate the development of ectopic fertilization or the threat of termination of pregnancy.
• No need to worry, wait a day and take measurements again. If your BT level has been steadily elevated, and then suddenly dropped and remains below normal, then you need to visit a doctor, because this indicates a frozen pregnancy.
• Sometimes pregnancy with a low basal temperature indicates progesterone deficiency, which quite often ends in miscarriage.
• If progesterone does not perform its functions due to insufficient production, then a natural drop in BT occurs, and the likelihood of a retrochorial hematoma or the development of an ectopic hematoma against the background of such insufficiency only increases.

But the statistics are such that many women successfully carried and successfully gave birth to completely healthy babies with a low temperature. In such a situation, everything depends on the individual physiology of the girl.

Why can BT decrease during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, a woman's body functions differently

There are not many reasons for the decrease in BT in pregnant women, but to understand them, you need to understand them from the inside. The most common factor in a drop in rectal temperature during pregnancy is considered to be insufficiency of the temporary glandular organ - the corpus luteum. This gland produces progesterone and prevents menstruation. With progesterone deficiency, basal levels increase slowly, which creates a threat of failure of such pregnancy.

Also, BT in pregnant women can be reduced due to hormonal imbalance. If after the ovulatory period an insufficient increase in thermodynamic parameters is displayed on the basal chart, this may indicate estrogen and progesterone insufficiency. Usually this process occurs with nagging pain in the uterus and lower back, as well as bloody smears. Sometimes errors in rectal temperature readings occur due to violations of measurement rules, during sexual intercourse before measurements, overwork or fatigue.

Even eating certain foods can cause a decrease in BT, for example, overly spicy foods. Endocrine diseases and other physiological factors can also cause deviations. But in any case, you need to treat a decrease in basal rates as an alarming symptom that should force the patient to see a specialist. It is necessary to undergo the necessary examination and pass the necessary laboratory tests in order to identify existing deviations and prevent a tragedy in a timely manner.

Sometimes basal deviations may indicate the development of endometritis. Against the background of adnexitis, BT indicators remain at 37 degrees for several days, and then sharply decrease. If there is a menstrual delay of more than 10 days, and the basal schedule does not go beyond 36.6-37.0 ° C, then this means the onset of conception.

Gestation against the background of reduced basal rates

If a woman has not previously kept basal charts, then she may not be aware that successful pregnancy and delivery may well occur even with low rectal temperatures. There are many such patients in obstetric practice; they gave birth naturally without any problems.

• But to know for sure that reduced basal thermodynamic data are in no way related to probable risks to the fetus, it is necessary to check progesterone levels and undergo other laboratory tests.
• Also, if BT is low, it is recommended to check the level of human chorionic gonadotropin and undergo an ultrasound examination.
• If the diagnostics carried out do not reveal any abnormalities, then you should not be afraid of a low temperature.
• Low thermal indicators may well be harmless in nature and do not threaten gestation in any way. But still, to prevent miscarriage, such mothers need to monitor BT daily so that its level does not drop below 36.5 ° C in the first month of gestation. At later dates, these numbers are no longer so significant.

Some patients do not even suspect that low rectal indicators are considered normal for their body. But there are quite a lot of such girls. They bear and give birth to children without any difficulties, without suffering in any way from this peculiarity of the body. Only a doctor after a comprehensive diagnosis can accurately assess the nature and cause of the decrease in thermal level.

Some seemingly ordinary factors can affect rectal indicators, so girls in an interesting position should pay attention to them. After conception, a mother should be extremely careful about her own health; now catching colds and the flu is extremely undesirable, so you need to take care of your personal hygiene and wear a mask during the cold season. You should also be responsible about the rules for measuring rectal temperature. Immediately after waking up, you need to take measurements, even if you then fall asleep again. Otherwise, the temperature will begin to rise after the first awakening, so subsequent measurements will no longer be reliable.

It is worth paying attention to the thermometer you use for measurements. As practice shows, electronic thermometers show results that are 0.2°C less than the true readings, while mercury thermometers are considered more reliable. If suddenly the temperature turns out to be below normal, do not panic, the reasons may be very simple. Look at the results of subsequent measurements, perhaps you just ate something wrong or were overtired, and that’s why BT is jumping. Each patient’s body is individual, so rectal indicators may differ from the norm. Maybe you have a low basal temperature that is a physiological feature and the norm.

If the threat is confirmed by laboratory and other diagnostic tests, as well as characteristic symptoms, the doctor will prescribe progesterone drugs to preserve the fetus.

Expectant mothers are preparing for pregnancy and trying to find out as much information as possible about it. Also, all women have an understanding of what basal temperature is and what its norm is during pregnancy. At all stages of the menstrual cycle, a woman's hormones in her body change. Because of this, basal temperature changes.

After ovulation occurs, a basal temperature of at least 37.2 degrees is normal. But during pregnancy, the temperature changes. Sometimes measuring basal temperature in early pregnancy can be of diagnostic value. An increase or decrease in basal temperature in some cases means that there is a threat to the normal course of pregnancy. A low basal temperature may indicate a threat of miscarriage. Sometimes this may indicate a cessation of fetal development altogether.

Basal temperature does not need to be measured throughout pregnancy and not for all women. Gynecologists advise measuring basal temperature for women who have experienced cessation of child development or miscarriage. Basal temperature should also be measured if a woman is at risk of miscarriage. In this case, by monitoring, you can detect and combat the problem at the very beginning.

Basal temperature before missed pregnancy

The basal temperature in the second half of the menstrual cycle rises slightly to 37 - 37.1 degrees. Before the onset of menstruation, it drops to 36.9 degrees.

If it happens that the basal temperature does not decrease within eighteen days, this indicates that pregnancy has most likely occurred. Even if your period starts, doctors advise you to still take a pregnancy test. Basal temperature during this period increases due to the effect of the hormone progesterone on the female body.

Normal values ​​of basal temperature during pregnancy

If the basal temperature deviates from normal values, this may indicate the presence of various pathologies. On average, the temperature can range from 37.1 to 37.3 degrees. Sometimes it can reach 38 degrees. These values ​​are normal and depend on the structure of the female body.

Basal temperature values ​​during ectopic pregnancy

If the pregnancy is ectopic, then the body still continues to release the hormone progesterone. So an increase in basal temperature is still observed. An increase in basal temperature does not always indicate the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. It is not recommended to use basal temperature as a diagnostic tool.

Increased basal temperature

The average basal temperature can be from 37.2 to 37.3 degrees. But its permissible increase can be up to 38 degrees. But if the temperature rises above this value, you need to contact a specialist. Various types of inflammatory processes can cause such an increase. Anyway. You should not find the cause of elevated basal temperature on your own. A woman should carry out any treatment under the supervision of a doctor, especially since it is almost impossible to make a diagnosis at home. Sometimes the cause of an elevated temperature may simply be an incorrect measurement.

Reasons for decreased basal temperature

Basal temperature is considered low if its value is below 37 degrees. This may mean that there are some complications during pregnancy. Therefore, if you observe a decrease in temperature, you should consult a doctor. While at home, take your temperature again. If the value does not change, you need to wait a few hours, then measure again. This is sometimes due to the fact that the general condition of the body changes. If each time the temperature is below 37 degrees, then immediately contact a specialist.

If, when examining a woman, doctors discover a low level of progesterone in her body, she is hospitalized and all the necessary procedures are performed. Basically, doctors manage to save all such pregnancies. Sometimes a low basal temperature indicates fetal freezing. This is called a frozen pregnancy. In this case, the hormone progesterone decreases greatly, as the corpus luteum ceases to perform its functions. This is accompanied by a decrease in basal temperature. Sometimes, even in the presence of a frozen pregnancy, the basal temperature remains high. So this diagnostic method should be used only in combination.

How to measure basal temperature?

A mistake many women make is measuring their basal temperature every couple of hours. However, the results obtained are very different from each other. In the morning, the thermometer may show 37.2 degrees, and during the day this value may change several more times. What often happens is that there is a smaller change.

But experts say that a decrease in basal temperature in the afternoon is absolutely normal and should not be a cause for concern for expectant mothers. It is very important to know how to correctly measure basal temperature. To do everything correctly, you need to put the thermometer in the evening so that you can take it without getting out of bed. After you wake up, lubricate the tip of the thermometer with baby cream or any other rich cream, then insert it into the anus two to three centimeters. The temperature should be measured for five to seven minutes. Only if all the rules and requirements are met can the result be considered reliable. If you got out of bed before measuring your temperature, the measurement result will not be correct.

The following factors influence the state of basal temperature:

• Any physical activity. Doctors advise not only not to get up in bed, but also to turn over in bed. You need to take a comfortable position and try not to change it until you finish measuring the temperature.
• The body position should be horizontal (lying down). Basal temperature should only be measured in this position of the body. There is no need to sit down, as this increases the flow of blood to the pelvis and its organs. This will cause incorrect readings when measuring basal temperature.
• Four hours of uninterrupted sleep. If a woman slept for less than four hours in a row, then there is no point in measuring her temperature; the readings will be false.
• Having sex before taking your temperature. If you need to monitor your basal temperature chart for a while, then you need to avoid sexual activity for a while. In any case, you need to take a break between measuring your temperature and having sex for at least twelve hours. But sometimes in such cases, sexual intercourse can cause spontaneous abortion (miscarriage).
• Eating immediately after waking up. Often pregnant women suffer from toxicosis. Therefore, expectant mothers are recommended to have a light snack immediately after waking up. But we should remember that you need to eat something after the temperature is measured in order to obtain reliable information.
• Use of certain medications. There are drugs that help change basal temperature values. It can go up and down. So you should not self-medicate so that the doctor knows the reason for the temperature changes.
• Various infectious and colds. If a pregnant woman is sick, you should not expect correct temperature readings. In this case, there is no need to postpone going to the doctor.

From a diagnostic point of view, basal temperature is reliable for the first two weeks of pregnancy, no more. After this time, the woman’s hormonal background changes, and basal temperature readings mean nothing.

Basal temperature is the body temperature at rest, after at least three hours of uninterrupted sleep. This is the most indicative temperature, since it is not influenced by external factors, physical activity, or emotional state. Most often, they resort to measuring basal temperature and plotting graphs when using a “natural” method of contraception and during pregnancy itself in order to monitor whether the fetus is developing correctly. If your doctor recommends that you measure your basal temperature, you should not neglect this.

Let's start with the method itself. It was developed 60 years ago, and since then has been successfully used for the safe preliminary diagnosis of various disorders in the female reproductive system.

• Basal temperature is measured in the morning, immediately after waking up, at the same time.
• The spread in measurement time should not exceed an hour and a half, otherwise the graph will be uninformative.
• The measurement should be made without getting out of bed, after at least three hours of sleep, with the same thermometer, it can be a mercury thermometer, but usually an electric one is more accurate.
• If you use a mercury thermometer, you need to lower the temperature on the thermometer in the evening.
• The thermometer should be placed next to the bed before going to bed so that you do not have to get up or reach for it, affecting your basal temperature with physical activity.
• The measurement is carried out in the same place, this can be the rectum, oral cavity or vagina. The first method is considered the best, since the temperature of the rectum is less susceptible to fluctuations as a result of external influences.
• The measurement results are accurately recorded in a table, where it is also necessary to make notes about everything that can change the basal temperature: the day of the menstrual cycle, the presence and nature of discharge, if any, illness, travel, sex the day before, drinking alcohol before bed and other factors.
• Then a graph is constructed, the beginning and end of which coincide with the menstrual cycle. Next, the schedule can be assessed, and if it is atypical, you should consult a doctor.

The basal temperature graph shows how the body’s hormonal system works, whether all processes associated with the release of sex hormones are proceeding correctly.

If the basal temperature, on the contrary, has risen sharply, this may indicate the development of inflammatory processes, both general and local.

In addition, some doctors call a very elevated basal temperature in the early stages one of the signs of an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, you should pay attention to the appearance of acute pain in the lower abdomen. Also, a high temperature, if it lasts for a long time, can harm the development of the fetus, so this fact cannot be ignored, although an elevated temperature is considered less dangerous than a low one

• Very often we hear that the developing baby in the mother’s belly is able to hear music, and music has a very beneficial effect on its development. Scientists in many countries around the world have conducted relevant research, which you can find in. Find out what is true and what is fiction.
• You will find out how you can cure poisoning during pregnancy without harming your health and the health of your baby.
• Is it possible to treat bronchitis and bronchial asthma with Eufillin during pregnancy and lactation? You will find out the publications. You will also find reviews and recommendations for use.

In any case, if your basal temperature is atypical for you, you should consult a doctor; he can more accurately determine the cause.

In order to monitor the normal course of pregnancy by measuring basal temperature, you need to know what the usual schedule of the menstrual cycle looks like in your case without pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor your basal temperature once or twice and build a graph. It is very useful as a means of early diagnosis of various problems in the reproductive system, and will help to properly plan pregnancy.

It usually looks something like this.

Although the numerical expressions and some features may vary, the general trends remain the same in any normal graph.

The total length of the menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days, which also includes the days of menstruation. The cycle is divided into two phases: hypothermic (follicular) and hyperthermic (luteal), which occurs after ovulation. The temperature curve is constructed as follows. In the first days of the cycle, menstrual bleeding occurs; normally it lasts from 3 to 6 days, during which time the basal temperature drops from 37 to 36.2-36.5 degrees, and remains at this level throughout the first half of the cycle. After bleeding, the follicle develops and matures, from which an egg is subsequently released ready for fertilization.

Approximately on the 14th day of the cycle, ovulation occurs, after which the second phase of the cycle is considered. At this time, the egg is released into the fallopian tubes, where it remains viable for about 24 hours. The temperature rises by 0.2-0.4 degrees. And before ovulation, as a rule, it remains at the same level.

Further, the temperature continues to rise or remains around 37 degrees, this is due to the fact that the body is preparing for a possible pregnancy. If it does not occur, approximately on the 26th day of the cycle the temperature begins to drop to the initial level, and the menstrual cycle repeats.

The average temperature difference between the first and second phases of the cycle should exceed 0.4 degrees; if the difference in several cycles in a row is lower, there is reason to worry, this may mean a lack of hormones.

It should be said about the most common violations that can be seen on the basal temperature chart

• These do not include the absence of ovulation for 1-2 cycles per year, this is considered the norm. In this case, there is no temperature difference; the curve is flatter. But if anovulatory cycles continue constantly, you should consult a doctor.
• If the basal temperature in the first phase is increased to 36.5-36.8, this may be a sign of estrogen deficiency, which can be an obstacle to pregnancy. If the temperature rises in the first phase for several days, after which it returns to normal levels, inflammation of the appendages can be suspected; using such graphs it is difficult to determine ovulation, since there is a false rise in temperature due to inflammation. If it is excluded, the rest of the schedule will be normal.
• A sign of inflammation of the uterine mucosa will be the presence in the graph of a drop in temperature before the onset of menstrual bleeding, as is normal, but then an increase to 37 degrees with the onset of menstrual bleeding.
• A low temperature in the second phase may be a sign of a deficiency of the corpus luteum; in this case, little progesterone is produced, and for pregnancy to occur it will have to be compensated for with special medications

If you notice significant deviations in your schedule, you should contact your gynecologist. Various causes of abnormalities, diseases and disorders of hormone production, can prevent pregnancy. A graph of changes in basal temperature can help the doctor more accurately and quickly make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment that will bring the joyful and expected event of pregnancy closer.

Not all women manage to get pregnant quickly after getting married. And the test cannot always show the fact of conception in the early stages. One hundred percent readings can be obtained almost immediately by measuring the temperature in a certain way. How to measure basal temperature to determine pregnancy will be discussed today.

Correct measurement of basal temperature

For the sake of the effectiveness of the indicators, you will have to spend time creating a specific schedule. Basal temperature (BT) also indicates the onset of ovulation and various hormonal changes. It is measured at rest using methods such as rectal, vaginal or oral.

First you need to understand the mechanism of the graph (scale with temperature indicators).

These numbers are influenced by many factors, such as sudden changes in diet or lifestyle, and more:

• deviations in hormonal levels;
• if you smoke or abuse alcohol;
• being under constant stress;
• change of place of residence or change of climate zone;
• pathologies of internal organs and colds.

Important: by constantly measuring temperature, it is possible to detect a problem at the level of hormones that interfere with getting pregnant, and accordingly, promptly take measures to restore it.

To obtain the most reliable indicators, it is necessary to measure correctly - in the morning immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed. Every day these manipulations should be carried out at the same time - the permissible error is 30 minutes. And one more rule - take measurements in one of the three selected ways, that is, if you did it orally on the first day, then all subsequent days should be carried out only this way.

Which thermometer to use

If we talk about a thermometer for such measurements, then any one will do - digital or mercury. If we compare them, a mercury thermometer provides more accurate information, but a digital one (the error is 0.2-0.3 degrees) is more convenient to use.

You will receive complete information by measuring basal temperature over 3-4 cycles.

Measuring your basal temperature will help you determine the hormonal stability of your body. Why are these measurements made? Firstly, this is necessary to calculate a day favorable for conception and to determine “dangerous” days if you do not want to get pregnant. Secondly, the measurement is carried out if a woman has concerns about infertility.

Thirdly, this method helps to detect hormonal imbalance in a woman’s body, as well as determine pregnancy.

Measuring BT during pregnancy?

Basal temperature during pregnancy is measured not only to determine pregnancy, but also to identify abnormalities in the development of the unborn baby. But do not confuse the measurement of BT with the measurement of normal body temperature.

Many factors can affect changes in body temperature: physical activity, air temperature, stress, overeating and much more. That is why basal temperature during pregnancy should be measured under certain constant conditions.

How to measure basal temperature during pregnancy?

The measurement should be taken in the morning, immediately after you wake up, and your night's sleep should be at least six hours.

The best way to measure BT is rectal; measuring using this method takes 3-4 minutes. You can also measure basal temperature during pregnancy vaginally and orally.

With the latter measurement method, the procedure time increases to five minutes. To carry out measurements, you can use either a mercury or an electronic thermometer.

It is worth taking the measurement every day at the same time; the permissible time difference should be no more than half an hour.

Affect the accuracy of the results may be illness, travel, stress, alcohol consumption, as well as some medications. It is worth noting that measuring BT cannot be combined with taking contraceptives.

The measurement results must be recorded in order to be able to create a graph.

Basal temperature chart during pregnancy

Having measured the basal temperature, the values ​​​​obtained during the procedure should be written down in order to later draw up a graph of the basal temperature.

It is very easy to construct a graph; you need to place degrees on the ordinate axis, one cell should be equal to 0.1 degrees.

The days of the menstrual cycle are marked on the x-axis. In these cells you can note factors that could affect BT.

Having marked the temperature on certain days with dots, connect all the dots in sequence: what you get is the BT chart. It roughly looks like this:

Is it necessary to monitor basal temperature during pregnancy?

BT during pregnancy can tell a lot about the course of pregnancy and complications. After fertilization of the egg, during normal pregnancy, BT remains elevated until the 20th week. After four months of pregnancy, it makes no sense to control her.

Very often, monitoring basal temperature in the early stages of pregnancy is advised not only by a gynecologist, but also by an endocrinologist and therapist.

A schedule for measuring BT during pregnancy will help specialists create a more complete picture of the course of pregnancy and will help monitor the hormonal system of the pregnant woman. A BT during pregnancy from 37.1 to 37.3 degrees is considered normal.

It happens that the basal The pregnant woman's temperature drops , in this case, you should immediately consult a doctor monitoring the pregnancy. A drop in BT below 37 degrees may indicate unstable production of hormones and volume.

It is worth noting that during a frozen pregnancy, BT also decreases, but you should not panic right away; additional examinations must be carried out in order to find out about the development of pregnancy.

There are cases when during pregnancy basal temperature rises . What could this mean? If the basal temperature rises to 37.8 degrees and above, this may indicate an infectious or inflammatory process. In the case of an increase in BT, the risk of miscarriage is much less than with a sharp drop, but this situation cannot be ignored. A pregnant woman with elevated BT needs to be examined by a gynecologist to determine the causes of the temperature jump.