Pregnancy is wonderful. But sometimes it happens that the body itself decides to get rid of the emerging new life, and then a miscarriage occurs. In most cases, this occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, in the first 12 weeks.

Statistics say that every fifth woman loses a child before even knowing that she is pregnant. From a gynecological point of view, a miscarriage is considered to be a spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks, since children born prematurely - after 22 weeks and weighing 500 grams - can be saved by today's medicine. But, if the weight is below 500 grams, then the possibilities are zero.

As we have already said, in most cases it happens that the woman does not even suspect that she is pregnant and nothing bothers her. While waiting for her period to come, she simply registers that she is late, and a few days later her period begins, but comes more heavily than usual and with pain.

Sometimes, an early miscarriage is characterized by only moderate pain in the lower abdomen and heavy bleeding, then the woman does not even go to the doctor if the bleeding stops soon. If bleeding occurs profusely for several days, then a visit to the doctor cannot be avoided.

In some cases, such delayed periods are very painful, and one day a blood clot comes out. Then we can definitely say about spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage. Usually this clot resembles a burst blood blister. This phenomenon always frightens those who encounter it for the first time. After the release of a blood clot, you must definitely consult a doctor: firstly, to undergo an examination and determine exactly what it was; secondly, to check if cleaning is needed.

A miscarriage is a phenomenon that makes both the body and soul suffer. Many people know that there is such a danger as spontaneous abortion, but not everyone knows about its causes and how it can be prevented.

If we talk about early miscarriage up to 12 weeks, then basically it is a test and warning for parents. A miscarriage at this stage of development indicates that either the mother’s body is not yet ready for the normal development of the baby inside it, or something is wrong with the health of both parents, and it needs to be strengthened so that the baby develops healthy in the future, and the body from unhealthy and in the future it will get rid of itself.

Early miscarriage: causes

Genetic disorder in the fetus. IN Special attention is devoted to the healthy formation of all organs of the future person, which requires equal 23 chromosomes from mom and dad. And if one of them suddenly contains a mutating element, it is recognized as incompetent, and a miscarriage occurs.

The presence of such elements is influenced by the environment, viruses, and occupational hazards. It is very difficult to avoid these factors; you can only reduce the risk of their influence on the body by going on vacation: to fresh air and for a long time. By carrying out a miscarriage, the body thus produces natural selection, characteristic of all life on earth.

Hormonal disorders. It is known that hormones are responsible for the good functioning of a woman’s body, so their incorrect balance in the body can lead to early miscarriage. Also, a lack of the hormone progesterone or an excess of the male hormone causes this phenomenon. If such a problem is diagnosed in a woman in advance, then before planning a pregnancy she is prescribed hormonal therapy, which helps avoid miscarriage.

Rhesus conflict. It is not for nothing that when planning a pregnancy, they are required to take a blood test to determine the group of both the mother and the father (if the mother has a negative Rh factor). In this case, the father’s Rh is important, since its opposite indicator can lead to the development of an Rh conflict, when the embryo inherits the father’s positive Rh, and the mother’s body identifies its tissues as foreign and rejects them, saving itself, as it seems.

If the father also has a negative Rh factor, then such a problem does not arise. With timely diagnosis of such a pathology, the hormone progesterone is used, which plays a protective role for the embryo and eliminates this cause of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages.

Infections. Infection is bad in any case. If you know that you or your partner have a sexually transmitted infection, you need to get rid of it before you become pregnant. When a pregnancy occurs with this diagnosis, the fetus becomes infected and, again, the body gets rid of the embryo at an early stage.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of internal organs. Any increase in temperature up to 38 degrees, caused by a disease of the internal organs, can cause early miscarriage. Typically, such a temperature is accompanied by intoxication of the entire body, and therefore it is unable to hold the embryo. This is why it is so important to undergo a complete examination when planning a pregnancy in order to detect and treat all chronic diseases and get vaccinated if necessary.

Abortion. As you know, this is an intervention in the normal life of the female body. If an abortion has ever taken place, it can lead either to habitual spontaneous miscarriages or to infertility.

Medicines. In the first trimester, it is generally not recommended to use any medications, which can lead to defects in fetal development. There are also herbs that are contraindicated in early pregnancy: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy.

Bad mood. More precisely, severe stress, grief, and prolonged mental stress can negatively affect the birth of a new life. In this case, only with the recommendation of a doctor can you take some sedatives.

Lifestyle. You need to change your habits immediately when planning a pregnancy. Getting rid of bad habits, a balanced and nutritious diet are the first conditions for the development of a healthy child, but the opposite can lead to miscarriage.

Physical impact. Unsuccessful falls and heavy lifting are the starting point for a miscarriage and contribute to it only if one of the above reasons is present. If the mother is healthy, then this effect must be very strong to cause a miscarriage.

Early miscarriage: symptoms

The most common signs of miscarriage are: lower abdominal pain and bleeding. Also, pain from the lower abdomen can spread to the lower back. This pain is periodic. Vaginal discharge talk about the threat of early miscarriage. If such discharge has a reddish or even brownish tint, you should consult a doctor to avoid miscarriage.

Often called a symptom of miscarriage uterine tone, but only in cases where it is accompanied by discomfort for the mother and pain. If it is not accompanied by anything, then doctors’ recommendations stop at reducing physical activity and reducing stressful situations.

In some cases, even after the above symptoms, pregnancy proceeds normally, only under more careful medical supervision, then they talk about the threat of miscarriage.

The symptoms of miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy are relatively similar. They may only be accompanied by stronger pain and copious discharge.

Second trimester: miscarriage symptoms:

• damage to the amniotic fluid sac is indicated by fluid dripping from the vagina, in which case contacting a doctor should be immediate;
• vaginal bleeding is a sign of miscarriage in any trimester of pregnancy;
• blood clots appear during urination, accompanied by pain;
• internal bleeding, which can be indicated by very severe pain in the shoulder or in the stomach area.

How is threatened miscarriage diagnosed?

If your pregnancy is planned, and you have gone through all the necessary preparation procedures that the doctor told you about, taken all the tests and treated all the diseases detected, then the possibility of a miscarriage is reduced to a minimum. If any contraindications were discovered in advance, then great attention is paid to them already when the baby is conceived. In this case, the diagnosis of the threat of miscarriage takes place at the planning stage, and treatment is prescribed in advance.

If pregnancy occurs spontaneously, without prior treatment or examination, then any gynecologist can diagnose a miscarriage during a routine examination. When examining a woman who comes in with a delay problem, the doctor determines the expected duration of pregnancy.

• checks the size of the uterus for the given period;
• checks for uterine tone;
• determines whether the cervix is ​​closed;
• pays attention to the nature of the discharge (bloody or mucous).

The most reliable way to diagnose miscarriage or premature birth at a later stage is a transvaginal ultrasound performed by an experienced doctor. Using this method, the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os are checked.

Treatment of early miscarriage

The most basic and first thing that a doctor advises if there is a threat of miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy is: bed rest. In some cases, in order to maintain the pregnancy, the woman is even forbidden to get out of bed. It is clear that your physical activity should be reduced to zero if there is a threat of miscarriage.

It is also recommended to reduce the level of anxiety, bad news and thoughts. Already from the first weeks of existence, the nascent life feels you from the inside; any of your excitement can negatively affect its condition. And disturbances in the condition can lead to its rejection by your body. To avoid these nervous tensions, your doctor may prescribe valerian or motherwort.

You yourself can use relaxation therapy: sit comfortably on a sofa or chair and think about something good. The best thing in this case may be dreams about the future baby, choosing a name, mentally drawing his portrait. But all this is after consultation with a doctor.

If the threat of miscarriage is more serious and just good thoughts are not enough, then the first thing the doctor does is determine the cause of the threat. After determining the cause of the threat of miscarriage in the first weeks of pregnancy, hormonal drugs, which are designed to maintain a good pregnancy.

You may be prescribed progesterone (it is part of utrozhestan, duphaston), you may be prescribed drugs for hyperandrogenism (with a large amount of male hormones), as well as drugs if there is a threat of Rh conflict.

If the doctor deems it necessary, they may conduct an additional intrauterine ultrasound examination. If such an examination reveals insufficiency, then stitches are placed on the cervix, which stop the fertilized egg inside the uterus. This operation is performed in a hospital and under anesthesia, while relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

Most cases of threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy are treated in a hospital; sometimes women have to remain under the supervision of doctors until the very end of pregnancy, that is, until childbirth. In some cases, treatment begins in a hospital, and then proceeds to home conditions while observing bed rest. Sometimes, having undergone treatment for a threatened miscarriage in the early stages, a woman does not return to it until the birth.

Prevention of miscarriage

In most cases, it is possible to avoid miscarriage. If a couple approaches their decision carefully and responsibly, then they will be examined by a doctor in time, which will reveal all sorts of deviations and inconsistencies in the bodies of the man and woman. A preliminary examination will allow you to cure all kinds of infectious and hormonal diseases that can cause a miscarriage later.

Another six months before the planned conception, the couple’s habits and lifestyle should be changed. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle will help reduce the risk of miscarriage.

Consequences after early miscarriage

From a medical point of view, serious consequences after spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages are extremely rare. Big problems can arise if this miscarriage is caused independently with the help of medications or folk remedies, or if parts of the fetus remain in the uterus, which most often happens at a later stage during miscarriages.

It is in order to avoid such problems in the early stages that gynecologists prefer to do preventive cleaning of the uterus after a miscarriage. If a woman goes to see a doctor, she always undergoes a control ultrasound.

Many people believe that the consequence of one miscarriage is subsequent spontaneous miscarriages. But in reality this is not the case. Subsequent miscarriages occur after the first only if the cause of the first miscarriage was not identified or this cause was not treated.

A miscarriage in early pregnancy does not have serious consequences only if you consult a doctor in a timely manner. If we neglect this fact, then severe uterine bleeding may occur, that is, a large loss of blood, which will lead to death, or blood poisoning, which is also extremely unpleasant and dangerous.

Even if the next period does not go as usual (heavier or with severe pain), it is better to consult a doctor about this, in case you were pregnant and did not notice it. The answer to the question of what to do in case of an early miscarriage is to consult a doctor, if it is very bad, then even call an ambulance.

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A miscarriage is not only a psychological trauma for a woman, but also severe stress for her body. After this unpleasant event, you need to monitor your health to prevent complications from developing. How to recover after spontaneous abortion and cleansing? First of all, you should pull yourself together, be patient and visit a gynecologist.

Causes and consequences of miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion can occur both in early (before 12 weeks) and late (from 12 to 22 weeks) pregnancy. Early miscarriages occur, as a rule, due to the uterus rejecting a defective embryo, and late ones - due to weakness of the cervix. Pregnancy can be interrupted due to Rh conflict between mother and fetus.

The consequences of a miscarriage depend on a number of factors. Most often, inflammatory processes occur. Even after cleaning, there is a possibility of incomplete removal of the fertilized egg. In this case, the doctor recommends repeating the procedure. Recovery after a miscarriage is the return of the uterus and hormonal levels to their previous state. It should be remembered that conception is possible immediately after a spontaneous abortion.

A miscarriage does not always indicate reproductive problems, but to prevent it from happening again, a new pregnancy should be delayed until hormonal levels and the condition of the uterus are normalized. In addition, after a spontaneous abortion, health problems may begin. If bleeding is too long, body temperature rises, or painful periods, you should consult a doctor.

How to recover after a miscarriage

A woman should monitor her well-being, the amount, color and consistency of vaginal discharge. The normal duration of the latter is from 4 to 10 days. You should consult a doctor as soon as possible if the discharge is too abundant, bright and accompanied by malaise. It is necessary to undergo an ultrasound examination to determine whether there are any particles of fertilized egg left in the uterine cavity.

You cannot be sexually active for at least a month after a spontaneous abortion. It is necessary to protect yourself for at least 3 months to give the body the opportunity to recover. Many gynecologists believe that it takes six months to fully normalize the condition of the uterus and hormonal levels, so a woman should, first of all, follow the instructions of her doctor.

For the first month after a miscarriage, you should not overheat, including visiting a bathhouse, sauna, taking a hot bath, as well as playing sports and lifting weights. Otherwise, complications may arise. For a new pregnancy to occur, hormone therapy may be needed. A woman must be ready to conceive not only physically, but also psychologically.

A woman needs:

Lifestyle after miscarriage

1. Use sanitary pads to control the amount of blood released. Change them at least every 8 hours. Shower 1-2 times a day to prevent infection from developing.
2. Do not douche or clean the area around the vagina with strong antiseptics or soap, as this may cause irritation and lead to infection.
3. Stick to proper nutrition. This will allow the body to recover faster and fill it with energy. Eat foods rich in vitamins and minerals. Drink at least eight glasses of water per day. Eat foods containing a large number of calcium: milk, sardines, salmon, etc. Increase your folic acid intake to replace blood loss after a miscarriage. This can be done by adding leafy and regular vegetables and fruits to your diet.
4. After a spontaneous abortion, abstain from sexual activity for 1-2 months to allow the vagina to heal. In the future, use condoms during sex, since there is a chance of getting pregnant before the cycle normalizes.

Recovery after cleaning

Cleaning (scraping) is a small surgical intervention that is performed to remove the remnants of the fertilized egg from the uterus. Pregnancy after curettage is possible almost immediately, but experts recommend waiting about six months (at least 3-4 months). During this time, the woman’s body should fully recover if she adheres to proper nutrition, proper rest, and also enlists the moral support of her immediate family.

If you encounter difficulties with a new pregnancy after cleansing, you will need to visit a gynecologist and undergo the necessary examinations and treatment. It is important to remember that complications may arise after surgery, so you will need to carefully monitor your well-being and immediately consult a doctor if you notice severe bleeding, an increase in body temperature above 37.6 degrees, or severe abdominal pain. In the best case, minimal recovery of the body will require 1-2 days after curettage.

During the rehabilitation period you will not be able to:

• take a hot bath, visit a bathhouse, sauna;
• douche;
• use vaginal tampons;
• lift weights;
• be sexually active (in the next 1-2 months from the date of the procedure).

It is possible that during intimacy there will be pain caused by surgical intervention. If they bother a woman for more than 2 months in a row, she will need to consult a doctor. The first menstruation will begin 30-45 days after the spontaneous abortion. It is possible that they will be more abundant than usual.

To recover faster after cleansing, a woman will have to undergo examinations, adhere to the treatment recommended by the doctor, lead a healthy lifestyle and refrain from intimacy with a man. It will be important to enlist the support of loved ones, try to remain calm, be patient and be positive.

Miscarriage refers to the spontaneous termination of pregnancy. Up to 1/5 of all cases of conception end in miscarriage, and the likelihood of this pathological phenomenon is higher before 12 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms of a miscarriage rarely go unnoticed, and sometimes this allows a woman to see a doctor in time, get treatment and keep the baby.

Spontaneous (spontaneous abortion), as doctors often call miscarriage, is classified into three types, depending on the timing of its onset:

1. Termination of biochemical pregnancy. In this case, the uterine cavity is cleared of the embryo during the first to third weeks of pregnancy, determined only by taking an analysis for the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood and urine. A woman most often perceives the released blood as menstruation and does not even suspect that she could become pregnant.
2. Early miscarriage (spontaneous abortion). Pregnancy is terminated before 22 weeks, and the weight of the fetus does not exceed 400 grams.
3. Late miscarriage, or premature birth. In this case, the symptoms of the pathology are observed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, and the baby can often be saved.

What are the features of early incomplete miscarriage?

A woman’s spontaneous miscarriage can be complete or incomplete. In the first case, all parts of the fetus and its membranes, as well as amniotic fluid, are excluded from the uterus. An incomplete miscarriage occurs when some parts of the fetus remain in the uterine cavity. Typically, incomplete miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy. Most often, the patient’s embryo is expelled, but the amniotic membranes are not separated.

To prevent serious consequences from developing, the woman needs cleansing and other treatment methods (for example, the administration of drugs that contract the walls of the uterus and push out blood and remnants of the membranes). Precisely because there is a possibility of incomplete miscarriage, an ultrasound of the genital organs should be performed after it. If the result of your first pregnancy was an early miscarriage, further attempts at conception should be made only after a thorough examination!

Probability of miscarriage by week of pregnancy

During gestation, there is a period that is most threatening for spontaneous termination of pregnancy. The likelihood of miscarriage is especially high in the early stages - in the first month. If we consider the risk of pathology by week, it is as follows:

• In the first trimester - 14-21 days, or the third week of pregnancy, as well as the period from 8 to 12 weeks.
• In the second trimester, the threatening period occurs at 18-22 weeks of pregnancy, that is, the danger is great 4-5 months after conception.
• In the third trimester, the period of possible premature birth usually occurs at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, that is, spontaneous expulsion of the fetus occurs at 7-8 months of pregnancy.

The expectant mother should be especially careful during these periods and be sure to follow all doctor’s recommendations!

Why does a woman’s body reject the fetus?

The causes of miscarriage at a very early stage are most often associated with the presence of defects in the embryo that are incompatible with life. In this regard, treatment and attempts to maintain pregnancy until 12 weeks are not advisable. If a woman is unable to get pregnant for a long time, or she insists on preserving the fetus, doctors are often able to prevent a miscarriage. But a pregnant woman should be warned about the risk of genetic defects in the fetus and, if possible, undergo the necessary examination.

Early miscarriage may have the following reasons:

• “breakdown” of genes during the fusion of egg and sperm (these reasons cause miscarriage of biochemical pregnancy at the earliest stage - in the first month);
• disruptions in hormonal balance, diseases of the endocrine glands;
• tumors of the reproductive system;
• isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
• severe pathologies of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels;
• drug addiction, maternal alcoholism, toxic poisoning in the first month of pregnancy;
• severe stress, nervous shock;
• heavy physical activity, injuries;
• history of abortion;
• taking certain medications, x-ray examination.

Sometimes the causes of miscarriage are surgeries on the abdominal cavity and uterus, infectious diseases (rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, flu, tonsillitis, any STIs). There are also immunological reasons for the threat of termination of pregnancy - for example, Rh conflict in parents.

The causes of late miscarriage are often due to inflammatory processes in the placenta or uterine cavity. Sometimes these reasons are associated with the pathological development of the placenta and disruptions in its functioning - with detachment, aging. The likelihood of miscarriage is high if the placenta at any stage stops producing the nutrients the baby needs. There are many factors that can provoke symptoms of spontaneous abortion at any stage, but some of them can be successfully prevented by the expectant mother.

Stages of miscarriage

Signs of a miscarriage can occur in a woman at the very beginning of the pathological process. In total, there are several stages during spontaneous abortion:

1. Threat stage. If treatment is started at this time, the pregnancy can be maintained. Sometimes a woman has a risk of miscarriage throughout her pregnancy.
2. The second stage, or the beginning of abortion. Even if the expectant mother went to the hospital not at the threat stage, intensive treatment measures often help save the baby.
3. The third stage, or miscarriage, is in progress. In this case, the woman is already undergoing a spontaneous abortion, and this condition is irreversible. The fertilized egg dies and leaves the uterus completely or partially.
4. The fourth stage, or completed abortion. The uterine cavity is cleared of fetal debris, and the organ restores its size. At this stage, it is imperative to do an ultrasound of the genital organs.

Threatened miscarriage: how to recognize the symptoms in time

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage in the early stages usually boil down to the following manifestations:

• pain in the abdomen (in its lower part);
• vaginal bleeding (usually blood comes in the form of spotting scarlet or brown discharge for 1-3 days);
• sometimes the pain becomes very severe and is accompanied by cramps.

If a woman did not know that she managed to get pregnant, she may mistake the symptoms of a threat for another menstruation. Therefore, experts clarify that there are indirect signs of miscarriage that distinguish it from menstruation. Among them:

• diarrhea and nausea;
• pain in the form of spasms;
• weight loss;
• blood from the vagina, alternating with mucus discharge;
• aching pain in the lower back.

Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage can also appear late in pregnancy, more often at 4-5 months. In this case, subjective signs of pathology may include frequent nausea, nagging abdominal pain, reddish-brown discharge or bright blood spots, increased urge to urinate, and dizziness. The duration of the first stage of miscarriage is not necessarily short: sometimes this condition lasts several days and requires emergency hospitalization.

Clinical picture of an incipient miscarriage

At the second stage, when the miscarriage is already underway, the symptoms of the pathology become more noticeable. They boil down to cramping pain in the abdomen and sacrum, general weakness, and severe dizziness. Blood flows out of the vagina in the form of clots, and these secretions intensify with movement. Immediate consultation with a doctor at this stage in some cases leads to saving the baby, for which conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

Symptoms of miscarriage include sharp pain in the entire abdomen and lower back, significant blood loss and the release of the fertilized egg from the uterus. If the fetus died a few days before release, the woman may see a small gray bubble, whole or divided into parts. In case of incomplete miscarriage, cleaning of the uterus (curettage) is urgently carried out, without which the consequences can be tragic.

What happens after a miscarriage and how long will the bleeding last?

Signs of a miscarriage are primarily uterine bleeding and pain, which occur with varying severity and duration for each woman. Blood flows because when the fetus detaches and passes through the birth canal, small vessels are injured, that is, wound surfaces are formed. You should definitely monitor how long the blood is released. Normally, this period is 4-10 days. If after 14 days you still experience bleeding, you should definitely consult a doctor and have an ultrasound done. Such symptoms may indicate infection of the uterus or the presence of remaining parts of the fetus in it. In some cases, a woman has to undergo surgery or undergo medication treatment.

Possible complications of miscarriage

The consequences of a miscarriage can be quite serious. Fortunately, any complications are rare, and in most cases the body independently releases parts of the embryo and membranes.

Sometimes a life-threatening miscarriage occurs in the later stages or when trying to induce it at home using improvised (folk) remedies. Complications include:

• Septic abortion. An infectious lesion of the uterus can lead not only to severe inflammation in the pelvis, but also to sepsis.
• Repeated miscarriages. For some women, improper treatment during the first failed pregnancy leads to further miscarriages or the inability to become pregnant.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage

The main method for identifying signs of miscarriage is ultrasound of the uterus. During the study, at the threat stage, segmental contractions of the organ walls are detected, which often resolves after hormonal treatment. If a miscarriage is visualized in progress, then an ultrasound will indicate detachment of the fertilized egg and a strong contraction of all the walls of the uterus. To find the cause of repeated abortions, genetic tests are often performed to look for “broken” chromosomes. Of great importance in the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion is the collection of anamnesis and the presence of clinical signs.

Drug treatment for threatened miscarriage

If a decision is made to continue the pregnancy, the doctor must do everything possible to make this happen. A woman is prescribed pills for miscarriage and injections, including:

1. sedatives, restoratives;
2. hormonal medications (usually containing progesterone, for example, Duphaston);
3. antispasmodics to eliminate increased tone of the uterine walls;
4. vitamins, especially often folic acid.

Such drugs will help a woman in the early stages of pregnancy. If the threat of miscarriage continues at a later stage, a ring is placed on the cervix or it is sutured.

Treatment after miscarriage: pills

If it is not possible to stop a spontaneous abortion, the doctor chooses one of the following tactics:

1. Expectant. In case of a complete miscarriage, the woman does not require any treatment, and within 2-6 weeks her reproductive system will recover from the pathological process.
2. Drug treatment of miscarriage. It consists of taking special tablets that will complete the removal of parts of the fetus from the uterine cavity.
3. Surgery. It will be required if there are complications or structural features of the woman’s genital organs (for example, if the uterus is bent).

The miscarriage pills are also used to perform medical abortion (misoprostolol). After taking them, strong contractions of the uterus occur within 24-72 hours, resulting in a miscarriage. After such treatment, an ultrasound of the uterus should be done to record its complete cleansing of the remnants of the membranes.

Curettage (cleaning the uterus) after a miscarriage

Cleaning the uterus should be done if the fetal rejection was partial. Cleaning, or curettage, is sometimes ignored by the doctor or the patient herself, which can lead to severe inflammatory processes and even the inability to become pregnant in the future.

Before cleaning, the woman is given an enema and pubic hair is removed. The anesthesiologist will select the type of anesthesia depending on the indications and contraindications. Using speculums and dilators, the doctor opens the cervix, and then uses a special curette to remove the fertilized egg and its membranes. Then the uterine cavity is curetted to prevent inflammation. After a miscarriage, a histological examination of the collected material is required. After a woman has undergone cleansing, she must follow all doctor’s prescriptions during the rehabilitation period. Sexual activity after curettage is excluded for 2 months.

How to restore moral health after a miscarriage

If the physical body works normally 1-2 months after a spontaneous abortion, then the woman’s psychological well-being can take much longer to recover. Often a failed mother tries to get pregnant right away, but this is strictly prohibited. Life after the loss of a child is difficult, but you shouldn’t become isolated and drive yourself to despair. If a woman develops depression, it will not be easy to get out of it. Some ladies experience anger and rage, others experience melancholy, and others look for a way out in alcohol. To relieve post-abortion stress disorder, it is better to visit a qualified psychologist and maintain contact with loved ones. A woman should remember that previously restoring moral health is another step towards the next attempt to get pregnant and finally become a mother!

Sex life after miscarriage

Usually the menstrual cycle resumes a few weeks after a miscarriage. Therefore, you should use the usual methods of contraception, since getting pregnant during this period is extremely undesirable. But sexual activity should not begin earlier than 1.5 months after a spontaneous abortion (after curettage, this period is extended to 2 months). Otherwise, inflammation and damage to tissues that have not yet recovered may begin.

Pregnancy after miscarriage: when to plan

You should try to conceive again no earlier than 6-12 months after the miscarriage. Some women strive to get pregnant after the menstrual cycle has normalized, but this is only possible with complete physical and moral rehabilitation. In other cases, planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage causes great fear in the woman, and the couple stops trying. Therefore, you should act as your own heart tells you, but do not rush. It is better to carefully prepare for future motherhood and prevent the tragic story from repeating itself.

How to prepare for a new pregnancy

If you are unable to get pregnant after a miscarriage, or abortions are repeated again and again, you should undergo an examination to identify the cause of such events. The diagnostic program, in addition to histological examination of the membranes and embryo, should include:

• tests for all STIs;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• tests for hormones, including those produced by the thyroid gland;
• blood glucose level;
• general clinical studies;
• genetic tests (as prescribed by a doctor);
• tests for the biocompatibility of the blood of spouses.

Preparing for pregnancy after a miscarriage should include proper nutrition, taking vitamins (especially vitamin E, folic acid), and both spouses giving up bad habits and excessive coffee consumption. Since an overdose of vitamins A and D can cause a miscarriage, you should inform your doctor about taking medications containing them. Sometimes a woman is recommended to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, for example, rubella and chickenpox.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is not always possible to insure against spontaneous termination of pregnancy, since it is impossible to take into account various gene mutations and the influence of chronic diseases. But there are several tips that, if followed, will bring real results in preventing miscarriage. Among them:

• healthy lifestyle;
• proper nutrition;
• combating physical inactivity and stress;
• weight normalization;
• taking vitamins.

All recommendations are suitable for implementation even before pregnancy. After conception, you should avoid putting stress on your stomach, not take alcohol even in small doses, visit your doctor regularly and take all the medications he prescribes. Even after the first failure you cannot despair, because when the right approach Most women experience the joy of motherhood!

Without a doubt, the loss of a fetus during pregnancy is always a tragedy for the spouses and causes feelings of bitterness and disappointment. They are joined by fear of the future - whether a woman will be able to get pregnant after a miscarriage. In order for pregnancy to occur after a miscarriage, certain measures must be taken.

Miscarriage - causes and consequences

Before we discuss the problem of pregnancy after miscarriage, let's find out what a miscarriage is. The term “miscarriage” is used when spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurs during the first twenty-eight weeks (seven obstetric months). This doesn't happen very often. As doctors say, there are many more miscarriages occurring than gynecologists register. During one cycle in a fertile couple, in approximately sixty percent of cases, fertilization of the egg occurs, that is, pregnancy actually occurs.

More than half of fertilized eggs die on the way to the uterus. Another third cease to exist immediately after implantation, in fact, when the woman is not aware of the pregnancy. And when the fact of pregnancy is established, every fourth woman's pregnancy ends in miscarriage. The risk of miscarriage decreases after the eighth week. After an early miscarriage, the risk of miscarriage in a subsequent pregnancy increases by twenty-five percent.

Miscarriages are divided into early, which occur before sixteen weeks of pregnancy, and late, after the sixteenth week. Spontaneous abortion in this case occurs without any intervention and against the woman’s wishes. If spontaneous abortion occurs more than twice in a row, it is called recurrent miscarriage. In this case, it becomes more difficult to get pregnant after a miscarriage.

Causes of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy

There are many reasons why miscarriage occurs. You should never blame someone for what happened. Most miscarriages occur due to genetic defects. When a female oocyte fuses with a sperm, the embryo receives half of the genetic information from the father and the other half from the mother. At this moment, a completely new cell with a unique set of chromosomes is formed.

In addition, at this time, chromosome crossing and exchange of sections occurs. In the process of exchanging genetic information, genes that are very important for the development of pregnancy may be lost. In this case, the fertilized egg is not viable from the very beginning. Loss of genes that may be needed later in development may occur. Such a pregnancy can develop normally for a certain period of time, and subsequently end in spontaneous abortion.

In addition, since half of the genetic information contained in the zygote is foreign to the female body, it perceives the fetus as a foreign body. In most cases, mechanisms are launched in the body of a pregnant woman that suppresses the production of antigens to fetal tissues. But, if a husband and wife have a similar set of genes or are in a related marriage, the female body cannot cope with the task and a miscarriage occurs. After a miscarriage, it is possible to become pregnant in this case, but the woman will need genetic counseling and special treatment.

As you can see, most miscarriages occur due to genetic disorders. In this case, you need to know that as a result of proper treatment after a miscarriage, you can become pregnant after some time. Modern geneticists can even prevent miscarriage due to genetic pathology, and in this case the chances of successful resolution of pregnancy by childbirth increase. There are other causes of miscarriages that medicine can predict and neutralize.

Miscarriage can occur for the following reasons:

• due to hormonal disorders;
• in the presence of isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
• after suffering infectious diseases;
• due to malformations of the uterus, neoplasms of the uterus and ovaries;
• in case of diseases of the kidneys or organs of the cardiovascular system, which experience additional stress during pregnancy;
• if a woman has bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use) that affect both the formation and development of the fertilized egg;
• with excessive physical or nervous stress;
• as a result of exposure to harmful environmental factors (gas pollution, radiation, high concentrations of chemicals).

Hormonal disorders, genetic aberrations, infectious processes in a woman’s body, as well as environmental factors and bad habits lead to miscarriages in early pregnancy, and all other reasons lead to spontaneous abortion in later stages. People often ask: after a miscarriage, how much protection should you take? This issue should be discussed individually with your gynecologist.

I would especially like to note the role of termination of the first pregnancy in subsequent miscarriage. No one disputes the fact that a woman always has the right to choose what to do with her pregnancy. However, she should be informed that termination of the first pregnancy greatly increases the risk of future miscarriages, since it is a common cause of isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Pregnancy after a miscarriage is quite possible, because spontaneous termination of pregnancy is a signal that not everything is fine in the female or male body. Nature is always determined to create the best conditions for the development of a new organism. If there are none, she solves the problem by miscarriage. If the pregnancy is terminated, this does not mean that the next pregnancy after a miscarriage will also end in failure. Menstruation after a miscarriage usually occurs according to the woman’s schedule.

How to get pregnant after a miscarriage

Different families experience a miscarriage differently. Some people try to quickly forget what happened and make the next attempt to conceive a child. For others, the fear of failure again is so severe that they are not prepared for a subsequent pregnancy for an extended period of time. Of course, partners must decide for themselves how long to use contraception after a miscarriage. However, they we can recommend the following:

• You should not try to get pregnant after a miscarriage before six months. If the pregnancy occurs immediately after a miscarriage, you can fail again, since the likelihood that it will end on its own is one and a half times higher than usual. But it should be understood that if pregnancy occurs after a miscarriage a month or two later, then there is no need to panic - it may well end happily.
• Do not attempt contraception without discussing it with your doctor. He will help you choose the safest contraceptives.
• Of course, it is necessary to find out the cause of miscarriage and try to eliminate it. To do this, you need to go to a reproductive center, undergo an examination, including genetic screening, and then treatment prescribed by a reproductologist.

After a miscarriage, both a man and a woman may be prescribed the following examination one month later:

• tests to exclude infectious diseases of male and female genital organs;
• clarification of immune status;
• study of the blood coagulation system;
• determination of the condition of all organs and systems on which the load increases during pregnancy;
• genetic screening.

It is also necessary to find out whether the woman has taken medications that could affect the fetus or the course of pregnancy. After a complete examination and finding out the cause of miscarriage, the doctor will prescribe treatment. You need to find out from him how these medications can affect the condition of a woman’s reproductive organs, whether they have a teratogenic effect, that is, whether they can have a damaging effect on the fetus.

A woman needs to keep a diary, write down in it what medications she takes, in what dosage and how often. You should also write down any unusual sensations that occur while taking the medication. It is necessary to find out from the doctor, if a woman is receiving treatment after a miscarriage, how long after stopping the medication she can try to get pregnant. It is also necessary to pay attention to the psychological state of the woman after a miscarriage. You can talk about the situation with a loved one, but if this does not help, and bitter memories cause depression, it is better to seek the help of a psychotherapist.

Do not forget that the next pregnancy, which occurs a certain time after the miscarriage, will be associated with fears and anxieties for the unborn child, and if you cannot get rid of them, then you need to learn to cope with them. The outcome of pregnancy largely depends on the emotional state of a woman.

Perhaps, in order for pregnancy to occur after a miscarriage, you will have to change your lifestyle, for example, give up bad habits and hard work, eat right, bring your weight back to normal, take multivitamin complexes, and do gymnastic exercises.

How should a woman behave after a miscarriage?

No one argues that the pain of loss after a miscarriage does not leave a woman for a long time. However, it should be remembered that pregnancy after a miscarriage is a completely achievable dream, and in order for it to come true, you must muster your will and force yourself to live a full life. Continue to communicate with people, do not isolate yourself. You should not avoid communicating with family and friends out of a feeling of awkwardness. Remember that a woman who has lost a child, no matter how much time has passed after the miscarriage, needs the support of her spouse.

Close people do not need to hide their sympathy. You just need to be close to the woman, because she may need to talk at any moment. You should never tell a woman after a miscarriage, no matter how long after you talk to her, what she should feel or do. If she starts talking about loss, don't change the subject. A woman will never forget about it, no matter how much time has passed since the miscarriage.

Uterus after miscarriage

Since the pain associated with contractions increases after a miscarriage, the woman may experience increased bleeding. Naturally, the condition of the uterus after a miscarriage does not change for the better. What the uterus looks like after a miscarriage is evidenced by many studies. First of all, after a miscarriage, the external os of the uterus remains open, and, secondly, the cervix increases significantly in volume. This happens because there is a fertilized egg in the cervical canal. Its bottom can extend far beyond the vagina.

If a miscarriage is diagnosed early, a medical abortion with curettage is performed. In the case when the gestation period exceeds eight weeks, doctors usually advise waiting until the fetus comes out on its own. This is done for the reason that at this period the fertilized egg has a certain weight, due to which it is able to carry along all the amniotic segments.

After an early miscarriage, the fetus does not completely exfoliate and subsequently part of it remains on the walls of the uterus. After a miscarriage, the uterus cannot contract and the woman usually begins to bleed heavily. Sometimes it happens that a small part of the lining remains in the uterine cavity after a miscarriage. In this case, the bleeding is not profuse, but continues for a long time.

After a miscarriage, purulent inflammation may begin in the uterus. With a thorough examination, the doctor can determine what the cervical cavity looks like at this time. Since the cervical canal opens almost completely, you can freely reach the internal pharynx with your finger. The uterus after a miscarriage is soft, not enlarged in volume, since part of the fetus has already come out.

After a miscarriage, a woman may experience spotting that resembles menstruation. Usually, doctors do not recommend having sex for two or three weeks, so as not to infect the uterine cavity and allow its usual microflora to recover. Menstruation after a miscarriage occurs five weeks later. Since the uterus does not immediately tone up after a miscarriage, a woman is not recommended to engage in physical labor and sports.

After a miscarriage, you can hope that the next pregnancy will end happily. To do this you need to make every effort. Six months after a miscarriage, you can try to get pregnant.

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