Formation of students' moral ideals through the education of a healthy lifestyle. Education of motivation for a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers

Subject " Ecology of the family and the formation of a healthy lifestyle among its members».

The problem of educating a healthy lifestyle has been of interest since ancient times. Philosophers such as J. Locke, A. Smith, K. Helvetius and others spoke of the crucial role of cultivating a healthy lifestyle in human development and believed that the latter is practically impossible without the former.

Raising a healthy lifestyle for children is one of the urgent problems in our society.

The family plays an important role in shaping a healthy lifestyle for a child. Parents have the opportunity to develop the personality of the child, based on his individual capabilities, which they know better than anyone else. They are responsible for his physical, moral, mental, social upbringing and development. They want to see their children healthy, cheerful, active, hardy, strong, smart.

The family is the most important and important thing in the life of every child. She plays the most important role in his life and determines his future. Each member of the family must create in it the conditions and comfort necessary for the formation of a healthy lifestyle and thereby form it in the future generation. Health is an integral part of the existence of each of us and it depends only on us what it will be like.

Parents are obliged to teach their children to a healthy lifestyle, lay the foundations from early childhood, teach them to be good, and set a good example to follow, and only then will we have a healthy people and a healthy nation.

The family for the child is the place of birth and the main habitat. In his family, he has close people who understand him and accept him as he is - healthy or sick, kind or not very good, docile or prickly and impudent - he is his own there. It is in the family that the child receives the basics of knowledge about the world around him, and with the high cultural and educational potential of his parents, he continues to receive not only the basics, but also the culture itself all his life.

The family is strengthened by common affairs and concerns, everyday life filled with useful content, joint leisure and recreation. Physical education is of great importance for the family.

The family largely determines the attitude of children to physical exercises, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. This is facilitated by close emotional communication between children and adults in different situations, their naturally occurring joint activities (discussions of the success of the country's sports life, experiences when watching television sports programs, illustrations in books on sports topics, etc.)

Children are especially susceptible to the beliefs, positive behavior of the father, mother, family lifestyle. The personal example of parents, joint physical education, a healthy lifestyle are the main components of the success of physical education in the family.

Family as a small social group and social institution

The family, as a rule, is a more complex system of relations than marriage, since it can unite not only spouses, but also their children, as well as other relatives. A family is an association of people based on consanguinity, marriage or adoption, connected by a common life and mutual responsibility for raising children.

The main features of the family are:

Marriage, blood ties or ties of adoption.
Shared accommodation.
General family budget and household.

Usually, a married couple is considered the “core” of a family, and all statistical classifications of family composition are built depending on the addition of children, relatives, parents of a husband and wife to the “core”.

Types and types of families, what are

Depending on the structure of family ties, a family can be:

Nuclear(simple) - consists of spouses and children who depend on them. Such a family includes two generations.
Extended- consists of several nuclear families or of a nuclear family and other relatives (three or more generations).
incomplete- in which one of the parents is missing. The absence of one of the parents can be caused by various reasons: death, lack of marriage, divorce.

The most common in modern Western countries are nuclear families. There are no more than 3 role positions in them (father - husband, mother - wife, son - brother or daughter - sister). Each person can be a member of several nuclear families at the same time, however, these families do not form an extended family, since they do not live “under the same roof”.

In extended families, as a rule, life is more rationally organized, young people have more time, less big quarrels over trifles, more attention to other people's opinions. However, there may be interference in the privacy of children, petty guardianship, tight control by parents.

In nuclear families, the emphasis is on marital relations, and the parental relationship of father and mother with children, children among themselves, act as an addition to marriage. On the contrary, the extended family reveals in its entire structure that the bond that cements it is the bloodlines of parents and children, brothers and sisters.

Families are distinguished by the number of children:

Childless.
Small children(1-2 children).
Large families(3 or more children).

Families with few children are those families in which there are “few children” from a demographic point of view (for the reproduction of the population). From the point of view of social psychology, for the emergence of primary group relations among children, two children are not enough, since primary group relations arise starting from 3 members of the group. The well-known fact in sociology of the persistence of primary groups, which consist of 5-7 members, is confirmed in the sociology of the family by divorce statistics - an increase in the number of children leads to a decrease in the probability of divorce.

The birth of a second child reduces the likelihood of divorce by 2.5 times, and the birth of a third child by 9.5 times. It would be a mistake to assume that the birth of another child strengthens the family; rather, spouses who are confident in the reliability of their relationship have a need for children, and accordingly, they decide to have another child.

According to the criterion of distribution of power, there are:

patriarchal families where the father is the “head of the family state”.
matriarchal families where the mother enjoys the highest authority and influence.
egalitarian families or partnerships are those where there are no clearly defined family rights, where the situational distribution of power between father and mother prevails.

Depending on the age of the spouses, there are:

Youth family- when the age of the spouses is under 30 years old. The main problems of such a family are adaptation to new responsibilities, everyday life, the emergence of roles associated with parenthood, problems with employment and economic security.
Family of middle age. The main problems of such a family are monotony, routine household chores, boredom, stereotyped relationships, the feeling that the most interesting and significant in life has already taken place and now life is “flowing” by.
An elderly couple. There are problems associated with the health of the spouses, the need for a caring attitude towards each other, the development of new family roles.

According to the special conditions of family life, the following series of families are distinguished:

student families. Typical problems of such a family: lack of housing, complete financial dependence on parents, nevertheless, such families are characterized by great cohesion, activity, and emotionality. Spouses in such families are receptive to the new, believe in the best.
distant families- legally fixed, however, in fact they are not. These are families of labor migrants, sailors, polar explorers, artists, athletes, geologists, etc. Husbands and wives are separated for a long time, do not run a common household, the responsibility for raising children and their maintenance is usually performed by one of them. In these families, there is a great danger of adultery and family breakdown, but some are very persistent, where the strength of the relationship is explained by the freshness of feelings.
Families who are expecting a baby- there are problems associated with preparing for future roles, excessive concern for the health of the expectant mother and child.

What are the functions of the family

Family Functions:

reproductive function is to reproduce their own kind. So that humanity does not cease to exist, society does not turn into a boarding school for the elderly, the population level does not decrease, it is necessary that every Russian family have at least 2-3 children.
Educational the function of the family is the implementation of the primary socialization of the child and the upbringing of children until they reach social maturity. Education is understood as a system of targeted influences on the educated person to instill in him certain views, norms and patterns of behavior, as well as certain moral, psychological and physical qualities.

Socialization is a broader phenomenon, which also includes the entire set of spontaneous circumstances and factors influencing the formation and development of the individual. Therefore, the educational function of the family is actually realized not only in the form of conscious and purposeful pedagogical influences of parents on children, but also through the whole atmosphere of family life.

Regulatory function and function primary social control includes a system for regulating relations between family members, including primary social control and the exercise of power and authority. In the past, the state contributed to the establishment of power and authority in the family of the head of the family, who throughout his life was responsible for the behavior of his offspring. There were penalties for disobedience to parents. Ensuring the fulfillment of social norms by family members, especially those who, due to various circumstances (age, illness, etc.), do not have sufficient ability to independently build their behavior in full accordance with social norms. The family is a small social group, in which they learn to build their behavior in accordance with existing social norms.
educational function - in the family there is a training of the younger generation. Here they teach to speak, walk, read, count.
Communicative the function satisfies the need of family members for communication and mutual understanding. Psychological and pedagogical research confirms that the formation of various social orientations, attitudes, emotional culture, moral and psychological health of a person are directly dependent on the nature of intra-family communication, the manifestation of psychological attitudes in communication, especially adult family members, on the moral and psychological atmosphere in the family.
emotional function - satisfaction of its members' needs for sympathy, respect, recognition, psychological protection. Function of emotional satisfaction. Lack of warmth and mutual understanding, love can be the cause of emotional and behavioral difficulties. This function provides emotional stabilization of members of society, actively contributes to the preservation of their mental health.
Economic function - the conduct of a common household by family members. Formation of strong economic ties between them. Household management by family members. formation of strong economic ties between them. The norms of family life include the obligatory help and support of each family member in case he has economic difficulties. Having your own budget. Organization of consumer activity.
Spiritual and psychotherapeutic function. Spiritual communication is the development of the personalities of family members, spiritual mutual enrichment. Psychotherapeutic - allows family members to arrange spontaneous psychotherapy sessions.
intimate erotic function. It exists to meet the intimate needs of the family, regulates the intimate behavior of husband and wife. Ensuring the biological reproduction of society, thanks to which families turn into clans that go on for generations.
Household function. Satisfaction of family members with their biological and material needs. Satisfying the need to preserve their health by household methods. Family nutrition, acquisition and maintenance of household property, clothes, shoes, home improvement, creation of home comfort, organization of life and life of the family, formation and spending of the household budget.
Entertaining and recreational function. Joint organization of entertainment and recovery after work. Concern for the health and well-being of family members. Recreation, organization of leisure.
Protective function. In all societies, the institution of the family provides, to varying degrees, the physical, economic, and psychological protection of its members.

In recent years, the family has been the object of an increasing number of sociological and socio-psychological studies carried out by Russian and foreign researchers.

What is a family and its ecology

The family is part of the human social environment. In the social environment, two levels are distinguished: macroenvironment and microenvironment. The social macroenvironment is a combination of material and spiritual factors that directly and indirectly, positively and negatively affect the individual and change in the process of people's practical activities (the nature of the social division of labor, the social structure of society arising from it, the system of education, upbringing).

A social microenvironment is a part of the environment that directly affects a person and includes such elements as "... a work, educational or other primary team, family, school, close friends, information sources of interest to a person and other phenomena of personal life." The family is part of the social microenvironment in which a person spends about a third of his life.

Sociologists consider family ecology as “a field of knowledge that studies various aspects of the interaction of the family, society and nature, including issues of natural family planning, natural feeding of newborns, responsible parenthood, raising children as future spouses and parents, a healthy lifestyle, etc.”

The conditions on which the orientation of the formation of the child's personality, as well as his health, depend are laid down in the family. What is instilled in a child from childhood and adolescence in the family in the field of moral, ethical and other principles determines all his further behavior in life, attitude towards himself, his health and the health of others.

Even at early school age, a child is not yet able to consciously and adequately follow the elementary norms of hygiene and sanitation, comply with the requirements of a healthy lifestyle, take care of their health and the health of others. All this brings to the fore the task before parents of the earliest possible development in a small child of skills and habits that contribute to the preservation of their health.

Of course, the health of children directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, hygiene culture of parents and their level of education. As a rule, adults become interested in the problem of cultivating the habit of a healthy lifestyle only when the child already needs psychological or medical help. Readiness for a healthy lifestyle does not arise by itself, but is formed in a person from an early age, primarily within the family in which the child was born and raised.

The main task for parents is: the formation of a child's moral attitude towards their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health.

In this, nothing can replace the authority of an adult. Therefore, parents themselves must accept the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle and embark on the path of health. Each of the parents wants the child to grow up physically and mentally healthy, without bad habits. In many ways, the formation of a healthy lifestyle depends on the traditional component of this influence: the family's lifestyle, the way life is organized, the nature of the relationship between spouses, the participation of both parents in upbringing, the proper organization of the family's free time, the attitude of the parents themselves to alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of drugs.

Criteria for fostering a healthy lifestyle

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle education:

decrease in morbidity;

A healthy lifestyle is a joy for big and small in the house, but to create it, several conditions must be met:

the first condition is the creation of a favorable moral climate in the family, which is manifested in goodwill, readiness to forgive and understand, the desire to help, to please each other, in caring for the health of family members;
the second condition for the successful formation of a healthy lifestyle is the close, sincere friendship of children and parents, their constant desire to be together, communicate, and consult. Communication is a great force that helps parents understand the train of thought of the child and, by the first signs, determine the tendency to negative actions in order to prevent them in time;
the third condition is increased attention to the state of health of all family members. Psychologist V. Karimova, highly appreciating the role of the family in shaping a healthy lifestyle, considers it necessary to pay special attention to the following aspects:

Strengthening the comprehensive health of the people, the nation should begin, first of all, with the family. To implement the educational and educational program "Healthy Family", it is necessary to involve mahalla advisers on issues of religious and educational and spiritual and moral education, women's commissions, mahalla activists, and conduct educational and methodological seminars.
Educational and propaganda work to prepare young people for family life, their development of the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle should involve not only scientists and relevant specialists, but also mahalla elders with rich life experience, teachers and mentors.

Based on the direct relationship between the problems of family well-being and the upbringing of children, it is necessary to constantly ensure public supervision of such important factors as the age of pregnant young women entering life, their health, family conditions, attitude to sports, and physical conditioning.

Thus, from the above definitions it can be seen that there is no single point of view on what is considered human health. But we can conclude that the concept of health reflects the quality of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between a person and the environment; the state of health itself is formed as a result of the interaction of external (natural and social) and internal (heredity, gender, age) factors.

Health: components and types

Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) of health.

Somatic health- the current state of the organs and systems of the human body, - the basis of which is the biological program of individual development, mediated by the basic needs that dominate at various stages of ontogenetic development. These needs, firstly, are the trigger mechanism for human development, and secondly, they ensure the individualization of this process.

physical health- the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body, - the basis of which is morphophysiological and functional reserves that provide adaptive reactions.

mental health- the state of the mental sphere, - the basis of which is the state of general spiritual comfort, which provides an adequate behavioral response. This state is due to both biological and social needs, as well as the ability to satisfy them.

moral health- a complex of characteristics of the motivational and need-informative sphere of life, - the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in society. Moral health mediates the spirituality of a person, since it is connected with the universal truths of goodness, love and beauty.

The state of health of children today leaves much to be desired. And the increase in the incidence is associated not only with an unfavorable environmental situation, with a constant increase in stress, psycho-emotional overstrain and physical inactivity, but also with the refusal of parents to lead a healthy lifestyle. The health of children directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, hygiene culture of parents and their level of education.

Often the level of knowledge and skills of parents in the field of cultivating the habit of a healthy lifestyle is low, and interest in this problem arises only when the child already needs psychological or medical assistance. Most parents do not understand the very essence of the concept of "health", considering it only as the absence of diseases, completely ignoring the relationship of physical, mental and social well-being. As a result, children form bad habits, which can be very difficult to get rid of.

Criteria for the effectiveness of educating a healthy lifestyle

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of educating a healthy lifestyle:

positive dynamics of the physical condition of your child;
decrease in morbidity;
the formation of the child's skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people;
reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness.

Readiness for a healthy lifestyle does not arise by itself, but is formed in a person from an early age, primarily within the family in which the child was born and raised.

The task of parents is to convey the importance of daily care for their health to the consciousness of their child, to teach the art of health promotion

The main task for parents is: the formation of a child's moral attitude to their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health.

To solve this problem, parents need to remember the rule - "If you want to raise your child healthy, follow the path of health yourself, otherwise he will have nowhere to lead!".

Forms of educational activity

Forms of educational activities are of a different nature:

According to the direction of the content

intellectual - cognitive;
social - creative;
professional orientation;
cultural - leisure;
sports and recreation;
artistic - creative;
organizational.

By the nature of interaction and joint activities

competitive forms (competitions, competitions);
entertainment (performances, movie screenings);
productive and creative (protection of projects, exhibitions);
communication forms (round tables, evening meetings);
demonstration (presentation);
individual self-expression (portfolio).

The concept “ health” is not clearly defined in the scientific literature. Someone considers it a property, someone a process, someone interprets it as a state, someone an ability. As a rule, health is not only the absence of disease, but also a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being. But not all families understand this, believing that if the child is not sick, then he is healthy. Also, not all parents pay due attention to educating a child about a healthy lifestyle, so many children do not use the elementary rules of “clean hands” and so on.

There is one main direction of family education for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child. This includes working with children. It is necessary to convey the importance of daily care for one's health to the consciousness of one's child, to teach the art of health promotion, to form in the child a moral attitude towards one's health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. Parents should pay special attention to the formation of a favorable atmosphere in the house, to educate the child in respect for themselves and others, respect for their health. Of great importance is the educational impact on the child by the personal example of parents.

Parents are our helpers and allies in extracurricular activities. The most important direction in extracurricular activities is the preservation and strengthening of children's health, the formation of attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, parents set an example for their pupils, taking part in school competitions with their families.

To ensure the success of a healthy lifestyle

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in the family will be successful if:

organizational and pedagogical conditions and mechanisms for introducing a healthy lifestyle in the process of developing a comfortable family will be developed and determined;
parents are ready to use national cultural traditions in order to educate children in the need for a healthy lifestyle;
a coordinated interaction between the family and the educational institution will be carried out, taking into account modern trends in the development of the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
the content, forms and methods of preparing young people for family life include the use of the experience of forming a healthy lifestyle in a comfortable family.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child should be one of the mandatory components of family education. The family for a child is the environment where he finds role models and here his social birth takes place.

Related videos

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“Oranges will not be born from an aspen,” says folk wisdom. It is impossible to raise a generation that is healthy in all respects if you approach the creation of a family, relying only on romantic feelings and rejecting centuries of knowledge about married life.

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The formation of a healthy lifestyle begins with the correct organization of the daily routine

On the School of Life video channel.

To date, a healthy lifestyle does not have a clear definition. However, in general terms, it can be reduced to the following: it is a behavioral lifestyle of a person aimed at increasing immunity, preventing diseases, and improving health.

Recently, the problem and the need to form a healthy lifestyle has become more relevant.

It's no secret that the formation of a healthy lifestyle begins with the correct organization of the daily routine ...

Based on this, we can distinguish the main vital behavioral forms:

The formation of positive psychological emotions in all spheres of life (work, life, family relationships, implementation in social and cultural life) and the formation of optimistic views.
Organization of labor activity with maximum efficiency, which makes it possible to implement and reflects the essence of each person.
Physical activity.
A rhythmic lifestyle implies compliance with biological rhythms both in terms of daily biorhythms and in terms of age-related needs.
sexual activity.
Refusal of bad habits, which contributes to the maintenance of high health indicators.

Health to all long life.

Rules for a healthy lifestyle

On the video channel "tanyarybakova".

Article on the topic: "The formation of students' moral ideals through the education of a healthy lifestyle."

Lifestyle is a set of actions and habits of a person that affect his health and longevity. A healthy lifestyle is the absence of bad habits, plus the active action of a person that strengthens his health, increases life expectancy, this is a huge thirst to live long and not get sick. The culture of personality includes many areas, one of them is the culture of a healthy lifestyle, and among the aspects of the culture of a healthy lifestyle, spirituality is the main one.
To preserve and restore health, it is not enough to passively wait for the nature of the organism to do its job sooner or later. Do not rely on drugs as the only cure. First of all, you need to pay attention to the main components of your lifestyle. Those who adhere to the rational principles of a healthy lifestyle rarely resort to drugs.
A person must do something himself. For every action, a motive is needed - a vital impulse that determines the action to satisfy any human need. The totality of motives - motivation to a greater extent determines the way of life. Therefore, the motivation for a healthy lifestyle is very important for maintaining health. Health should take the first place in the hierarchy of human needs.
Installation (adjustment) for a long healthy life is an important objective factor of health. It is the focus on health that motivates positive goal-oriented behavior, where any achievement is seen as a victory.
High demands on one's personal qualities are inseparable from the desire to maintain health. Issues of morality are inextricably linked with the requirements of hygiene. The moral level of a person to some extent serves as a measure of health. Morality is based on the inner conviction of people, their habits.
Moral instability contributes to an idle lifestyle. The morality of people prone to the use of alcoholic beverages suffers especially. It is the moral duty of every person to take care of the well-being of those close to him, in particular the health of family members. In turn, the family serves as a moral support for a person. An effective means of moral education of the younger generation is the example of adults.
Moral education should in many ways develop in children directness, sincerity, the habit of telling the truth, treating elders politely, and other useful habits. “A good habit,” wrote the famous Russian teacher K.D. Ushinsky, - there is a moral capital invested by a person in his nervous system, this capital grows incessantly, and a person uses interest from it all his life. And a bad habit is a morally unpaid loan, which is able to starve a person with ever-increasing interest, paralyze his best undertakings and bring him to moral bankruptcy.
The right way of life is available to everyone, its advantages are undeniable. To be healthy, you need to spend your youth wisely. Moderation and abstinence in the way of life of a person, a life that is alien to excesses and perversions, contributes to the preservation and increase of health reserves. Back in the XII century. the famous Syrian doctor A. Faradj wrote: “Moderation is nature's ally. Therefore, when you eat, when you drink, when you move, and even when you love, be in moderation.”
Of course, this requires great willpower of a person, the ability to control oneself, which helps to suppress weaknesses and subordinate one's desires to reason.
The question of spiritual and moral education children is one of the key problems facing every parent, society and the state as a whole. Typical issues in this direction are: instilling clear positive life guidelines for the younger generation; moral situation in society, family; cultural and leisure work with children and youth; development of physical training of young people, promotion of healthy lifestyles and care for the healthy physical development of children.
Health is the most important factor in human life. And everyone should take care of their health: not only physical, but also moral. After all, there is a direct relationship between morality and health. No matter how far advanced modern medicine has gone, it will not be able to help us get rid of diseases without our participation. It is necessary from a very early age to temper your body, be active, eat the right food, observe the rules of personal hygiene and, of course, do not forget about morality and morality. This is the only way to achieve harmony between physical and moral health. No one believes that physical health does not affect moral health, but the opposite process cannot be denied. As well as possible, this principle reflects the ancient wisdom: "Keep your spirit in peace, and the body will correct itself."
What is the most important thing in raising children? I would like to immediately answer: “Everything is important!” Whatever element of the upbringing of a child we take, it turns out that among all these elements there are no non-essential ones. And yet the main thing is that the child should grow up healthy. Neither fullness, nor a heroic constitution, nor a blush in themselves are criteria for health. Its essence is in the harmony of physical and spiritual forces, the balance of the nervous system, the ability to withstand various harmful influences.
A healthy child is easier to raise. He quickly masters the necessary skills and abilities, adapts better to changing conditions, and more easily perceives the requirements placed on him. Health is the most important prerequisite for the correct formation of character, the development of initiative, strong will, and natural abilities. The most important goal of school physical education is not only to improve the health of students, but also to promote the comprehensive development of their personality.
But not everything is so simple. Recently, as a result of scientific progress, the physical activity of people has decreased many times. If at the beginning of the 20th century it was 95%, now the automation and computerization of all human life has led to a decrease in this indicator to 3% (according to WHO). Physical inactivity affects 70% of the world's population. In this case, the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system are especially affected. Along with this, many parents, aiming their child to receive a prestigious education in any way, subject him to additional loads (classes with tutors, etc.), which undoubtedly affect the child's health and the acquisition of chronic diseases. And the pressure at school is already excessive. So it turns out that our children leave the walls of the school as chronicles.
Very attractive for a modern child is "communication" with a computer and virtual "friends". Computer games make life brighter, easier: you press a button and you are already a hero. But this is pseudo-reality. Therefore, many now have a real dependence on the computer, the Internet, which is akin to alcoholism and drug addiction. Mobile phones have firmly entered our lives, which are used more often out of place and out of time. There are children who, even in physical education, hold a phone in their hands while doing exercises!
All these problems can be solved by a competently built, organized system of physical education at school. The child must be carried away as early as possible with systematic physical education and sports. It is necessary not so much to motivate him to achieve a high sports result (although this is important), but to try to develop in him the habit of being healthy and active, leading a healthy lifestyle. An important role in this process is played by public opinion, government policy, the media, good conditions for classes, necessary and convenient sports equipment, and the interest of school teachers.
Unfortunately, a healthy lifestyle does not yet take first place in the main human values in our society. But if we teach children to appreciate, protect and strengthen their health, if we demonstrate a healthy lifestyle by personal example, then we can hope that future generations will be more healthy and developed, not only spiritually, but also physically. Causes anxiety and one-sided development of schoolchildren. A large amount of educational material to be mastered relegates work, gymnastics, sports, tourism, and games to the background.
The problem of health, development and upbringing of children remains the most important state problem. Each educational institution is called upon to ensure not only the educational process, but equally contribute to the normal development of students and the protection of their health. This is clearly stated in paragraph 51 of the Law on Education.
The reform of the content of education and the modernization of the educational system imply the mandatory introduction of health-saving technologies into the educational process. The high public need for technologies that strengthen and preserve the health of participants in the educational process is primarily due to the fact that the level of health of children's groups has dropped sharply.
An indispensable condition is to ensure a certain level of valeological literacy of students, which forms a culture of health and a healthy lifestyle.
Perhaps the main source of psychological, mental, and then physical health of children is the use of a student-oriented, individual approach to teaching schoolchildren.

Healthy lifestyle and its principles.
A healthy lifestyle is an individual system of behavior and habits of each individual, providing him with the necessary level of vital activity and healthy longevity. A healthy lifestyle is based on both biological and social principles.
The way of life should change with age, it should be provided with energy, assume the strengthening of health, have its own routine and rhythm.
In the biological principles of a healthy lifestyle, it should be noted: nutrition, sunlight, warmth, physical activity, solitude and even games (mainly in childhood).
But the man is great and intelligent. He lives in society (in society) and for his way of life, biological principles alone are not enough.
The social principles of a healthy lifestyle include:
aesthetics;
moral;
the presence of a strong-willed beginning;
ability to self-restraint.

Healthy lifestyle and its components.

According to modern ideas, a healthy lifestyle includes the following components:
refusal of harmful addictions (smoking, alcoholism, drugs);
balanced diet;
optimal driving mode;
hardening of the body;
personal hygiene;
positive emotions.
The school should contribute to the education of habits, and then the need for a healthy lifestyle.
However, life does not end with schooling, which means that the introduction to a healthy, active, sports lifestyle should continue. From the many forms of classes offered, everyone can choose what is more convenient, more interesting, and more useful for him. With all the importance of physical culture and recreation activities in the mode of the school day, a large role in introducing children and adolescents to daily physical education and sports belongs to extracurricular mass sports work. It includes activities aimed at improving the health and physical development of students.
Sports activity, raising patriotism and forming moral and volitional qualities (honesty, justice, responsibility, diligence, discipline, goodwill, determination, purposefulness, courage, willpower), develops in schoolchildren a sense of love for the Motherland and high responsibility for their sports training. Sports and sports competitions unite and bring together various people, bring up love and devotion to their Motherland, act as a means of moral and patriotic education.

2. Promoting a healthy lifestyle for students

Education is the process of the impact of external energy on the internal energy (entelechy) of a person. As a result of the interaction of two (internal and external) energy systems, there is an excitation, movement, change and development of human genetic inclinations. Education in the broad sense of the word is the only universal means of development. All human inclinations develop and function as abilities only through education.

The modern Russian official educational system sets the goal of education and training to prepare a self-fulfilling personality for life in market relations. After school, everyone is obliged to choose and take a place in the social hierarchy in a competitive struggle.

The most important defect of the modern educational system is that it actually ignores the requirement of scientific pedagogy for the primary teaching of students in self-knowledge and self-regulation of the body, personality and soul. It is dominated by technocratic formalism. Young students are not taught the rules of the struggle for survival in modern conditions. A person who does not know himself and does not know how to control himself is a toy in the hands of other people. He does not control his own destiny, but becomes a slave to circumstances, prejudices, fashion and his own whims.

Students are especially susceptible to the prejudices of modern life. The fact is that students are a social stratum of the population that can be attributed to a high-risk group, since the difficult age-related problems of students (adaptation to physiological and anatomical changes associated with maturation processes: high psycho-emotional and mental stress, adaptation to new living and learning conditions; the formation of interpersonal relationships outside the family) is superimposed by the negative impact of the crisis in almost all the main spheres of society and the state.

This leads to a significant increase in age-related deterioration in the adaptation of students, resulting in serious medical and socio-psychological problems that arise in one form or another among students.

The problem of preserving and strengthening the health of adolescent students is complex and multifaceted. In modern conditions, due to the changed economic situation, it requires a new approach to its solution, poses the task of guaranteeing quality medical care for teenage students, searching for new forms of its organization, including the development of effective methods of mass preventive examinations, hygienic education and upbringing.

Many modern young people studying in higher educational institutions are adherents of a certain lifestyle, in which cigarettes, drugs and alcohol are a certain standard. Moreover, some of this lifestyle has been leading since school.

To cultivate a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to penetrate deep into the problem itself. It is important to find out what caused the conduct of an unhealthy lifestyle, and what contributes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To clarify this, many universities carry out preventive work aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. And also in many regions of our country, research is being conducted aimed at identifying the physical, social and psychological health of students. A diagnostic analysis of the state of their physical, social and mental health fully confirms the common truth: they are all different in terms of the quality of entelechy. They have different launch pads of life activity, different health, different destinies.

Diagnostic tests by M. Luscher and L. Bonds consistently show that all students have deviations from health standards. They are all sick to varying degrees, live in anxiety, many in a stressful state. A rare student leads a healthy lifestyle.

In essence, a person's way of life is a real objective formation in action, what it really is. This is the internal and external appearance of his body, personality and soul in self-movement.

It should be noted that the beginnings of a lifestyle are laid in early childhood. From conversations with parents, students discover that their fathers and mothers never thought about these questions. The main stimulus for conception was the desire to have a child. Most students are desirable children for their parents. But often there are also conceived by chance. As a rule, accidentally conceived children received inadequate family education, they are strongly influenced by the "ancestral syndrome". Students learn about the influence of the "ancestral syndrome" on the lifestyle of students by compiling their "family tree" according to the method of A.A. Schuntzenberger.

So, some unwanted children, who experience some infringement and inner anxiety for the desire for self-expression, switch to a lifestyle in which there is alcohol and tobacco. For example, a student feels the need to get rid of stress. Longs for peace, tranquility and a sense of contentment. She understands that she herself cannot change the situation, but she does not want to unconditionally entrust her fate into the hands of others, even her beloved husband. She resists circumstances and relationships that impose responsibility on her, in which she sees a hindrance. She believes that life has much more to offer her. The desire to get out of this unsatisfied state leads to anxiety and instability.

In order to direct students to the path of leading a healthy lifestyle, many universities conduct individual and group consultations-trainings with students to normalize their condition.

3. Fundamentals of a student's healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

1. Fruitful work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Human health is influenced by biological and social factors, the main of which is work.

2. A rational regime of work and rest is a necessary element of a healthy lifestyle. With a correct and strictly observed regimen, a clear and necessary rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest, and thereby contributes to strengthening health, improving working capacity and increasing labor productivity.

The next link in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These violators of health are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce efficiency, adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of future children.

Many people begin their recovery by quitting smoking, which is considered one of the most dangerous habits of modern man. It is not for nothing that doctors believe that the most serious diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs are directly related to smoking. Smoking not only undermines health, but also takes strength in the most direct sense.

Smoking is a common cause of tumors in the mouth, larynx, bronchi and lungs. Constant and prolonged smoking leads to premature aging. Violation of tissue oxygen supply, spasm of small vessels make the appearance of a smoker characteristic (yellowish tint of the whites of the eyes, skin, premature fading), and changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract affect his voice (loss of sonority, reduced timbre, hoarseness).

The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When talking about it, one should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health.

The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for the normal development of a person, for work and well-being, we become fat. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a number of other ailments.

The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. Nutrition should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but come only with food.

The first rule in any natural diet should be: - Eat only when you feel hungry.

Refusal to eat with pain, mental and physical ailments, with fever and elevated body temperature.

Refusal to eat immediately before bedtime, as well as before and after serious work, physical or mental.

It is very important to have free time to digest food. The notion that exercising after eating aids in digestion is a gross mistake.

Meals should consist of mixed foods that are sources of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Only in this case it is possible to achieve a balanced ratio of nutrients and essential nutritional factors, to ensure not only a high level of digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also their transportation to tissues and cells, their complete assimilation at the cell level.

Rational nutrition ensures proper growth and formation of the body, contributes to maintaining health, high performance and prolonging life. People with chronic diseases need to follow a diet.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account another objective factor influencing health - heredity. This is the property inherent in all organisms to repeat in a number of generations the same signs and features of development, the ability to transfer from one generation to another the material structures of the cell, containing programs for the development of new individuals from them.

Affect our health and biological rhythms. One of the most important features of the processes occurring in a living organism is their rhythmic nature.

It has now been established that over three hundred processes occurring in the human body are subject to the daily rhythm.

Optimal motor mode is the most important condition for a healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic physical exercises and sports, which effectively solve the problems of improving the health and developing the physical abilities of young people, maintaining health and motor skills, and strengthening the prevention of adverse age-related changes. At the same time, physical culture and sports act as the most important means of education.

The main qualities that characterize the physical development of a person are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. The improvement of each of these qualities also contributes to the strengthening of health, but not to the same extent.

For effective healing and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance, combined with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide a growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases.

Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism.

Another important element of a healthy lifestyle is personal hygiene.

Personal hygiene - it includes a rational daily regimen, body care, hygiene of clothes and shoes. Of particular importance is the mode of the day. With proper and strict observance of it, a clear rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed. And this, in turn, creates the best conditions for work and recovery. To maintain the normal activity of the nervous system and the whole organism, a good sleep is of great importance.

It is impossible for all people, without exception, to determine the time needed for sleep. The need for sleep varies from person to person. On average, this rate is about 8 hours. Unfortunately, some people view sleep as a reserve from which you can borrow time to complete certain tasks. Systematic lack of sleep leads to disruption of nervous activity, decreased performance, increased fatigue, irritability.

Salary, respect for colleagues, etc.). then we need to be healthy and strong, morally resistant to stress, tempered, hardy. Therefore, I consider the topic: "Fundamentals of a student's healthy lifestyle. Physical culture in ensuring health" the most relevant in our time. A healthy lifestyle of a student is the basis of a full life Each person strives for a full and ...

Mental labor and psycho-emotional state. Disordered sleep can lead to insomnia and other nervous disorders. Organization of the diet Nutrition culture plays a significant role in shaping a healthy lifestyle of students. Each student can and should know the principles of rational nutrition, regulate the normal weight of his body. Rational nutrition is a physiological ...

Self-education, the implementation of a healthy lifestyle. 2. objectives and methods of research Research objectives: - to study the literature

Healthy lifestyle- a concept that in the modern world has acquired ambiguous interpretations. For some, a healthy lifestyle is nothing more than a way of self-expression. For others, it is really an attempt to strengthen their body. For the third - a completely incomprehensible abbreviation. In any case, one thing remains true - the creation of a healthy lifestyle can significantly improve the condition of the human body and even increase life expectancy. The absence of a healthy lifestyle, on the contrary, entails a huge number of problems that affect the well-being of a person.

So, today we will touch on a very important topic, which can be denoted by the following wording "Development of a healthy lifestyle."

The basis of a healthy lifestyle

First of all, it is necessary to give a clear definition of the very notorious healthy lifestyle that everyone is talking about. The abbreviation itself stands for "healthy lifestyle". It includes the following items:

lack of bad habits;
fitness support;
adjustment of the daily routine;
nutrition adjustment;
minimization of stress and its consequences in human life.

Now we need to understand in more detail.

1) The absence of bad habits should be understood as :

quitting tobacco smoking;
refusal of alcohol;
abstinence from various kinds of drugs.

These are the main factors that have a serious impact on the state of the human body. However, due to the fact that the methods and means of forming a healthy lifestyle are still not popular, the public knows little about the real harm of their habits. Let's take a look at each point.

* Tobacco smoking causes dependence, which is caused by the cessation of the production of nicotinic acid in the human body. As a result, there is an addiction to smoking. However, along with nicotine, a huge amount of harmful substances enter the body. All of them settle on the surface of the lungs, which leads to significant violations of the oxygen saturation of the body. Additional problems that every smoker has experienced include:

vascular damage;
worsening of the work of the heart;
deterioration in appearance.

In addition, it should be clarified that the hot smoke inhaled by a smoker is a killer for the ciliated epithelium that covers the surface of the lungs. As a result, even after quitting smoking, the lungs cannot be fully restored. However, the timely cessation of smoking can significantly activate the regeneration of available tissues.

You should also consider the effect of smoking on human energy. Since this bad habit is unnatural, it is capable of destroying the human energy field. Energy is spent on the restoration of the body, but restoration is much slower than the processes of damage. Further, the smoker can begin to exploit the energy of people close to him. The consequences will manifest themselves in the form of illness and a significant build-up of tension in relationships.

Alcohol is also a terrible enemy of a healthy lifestyle. The state of alcoholic intoxication can be compared with poisoning, which is caused by intoxication. All human organs are subjected to a severe attack, which is expressed in the cessation of cell nutrition, as well as oxygen deficiency. The most terrible component of alcohol dependence is mental. When a person is intoxicated, his world becomes different. As experienced alcoholics explain their condition, “the world is getting a little better, and I am with it.” It turns out that the rejection of alcohol is equal to a blow to the body and the psyche. However, as soon as a person waits for the moment when all negative influences are neutralized, his condition improves very quickly.

As for the energy component, alcohol can take up to 90% of the total energy supply. A drinking person arbitrarily consumes the energy balance, which cannot be replenished with a frequent state of alcoholic intoxication. As a result, just as in the case of smoking, a person turns into an energy vampire, who, against the background of energy withdrawal, brings only negativity into relationships with loved ones.

Narcotic substances, depending on the type, have the ability to affect most body systems. Psychotropic substances are of particular concern. They can greatly shake the human psyche. Further recovery will be a division into two areas:

elimination of harm caused to the body;
socialization.

The last point is mandatory, since the addict falls into a chain of events and relationships that adversely affect his condition. The saying that "there are no former drug addicts" refers to a greater extent to the lack of competent socialization. The environment of the drug addict is the same drug addicts who will pull him back into this swamp. Even dependence on "light" drugs (marijuana) can develop into something more. The reasons lie in the need to increase the level of pleasure. When the borders are open, it is very difficult not to try everything that the cuisine of the drug world has to offer.

From the point of view of the energy component, drugs cause the most severe damage. However, timely decisive steps towards a healthy lifestyle can solve this problem.

2) Fitness Support

Our body is our temple. We must treat it with care. In response to our concern, it shows gratitude. It is expressed in endurance, resistance to disease, beauty and other manifestations.

Physical form support can be implemented using various sets of exercises, techniques, and so on.

3) Regulation of the regime of the day is a key link, since the very possibility of developing a healthy lifestyle depends on it. The ordering of each stage is necessary, since it determines the ability of a person to act according to a predetermined order. The result of a clear structuring will be discipline and the absence of stress caused by lack of time.

In the development of a healthy lifestyle, the daily routine is especially relevant, since there are certain time zones that require relaxation.

adherence to sleep

Ideally, a person should get up and go to bed every day at a certain time. This allows you to adjust the body, as it has its own biological clock. An example would be the beginning of the production of enzymes for the implementation of the digestion of food, which begins in the stomach, according to pre-formed habits.

differentiation of working hours and creation of breaks

The lack of a little rest very often leads to a decrease in human efficiency. Even a short break can significantly reduce the load on the body and, as a result, eliminate the possibility of certain problems in its functioning.

4) Power mode should also be corrected. The fact is that even maximum physical activity will not be 100% effective if the body does not receive “building material” for strengthening.

The main nutritional issues that need to be corrected include:

eating large amounts of fried foods;
replacement of high-carbohydrate drinks (soda, etc.);
excessive use of spices and seasonings;
lack of plant foods in the diet.

In addition, the diet should be associated with a certain time of eating. So:

should make it a rule to have breakfast every day;
try to eat at a certain time;
refuse food before bedtime;
do not eat too fast;
Try not to overeat until your stomach is full.

Practice shows that with the beginning of a healthy lifestyle and listening to the needs of the body, you can naturally refuse food surpluses.

5) The main cause of stress in life is work. In an attempt to earn the maximum amount of money, a person turns his body and mind into working tools. Lack of rest and constant work in multitasking mode leaves no chance for rest.

To eliminate stress from life, a certain emotional discharge is necessary.

Physical education as an active auxiliary element

In the question of how to form a healthy lifestyle, physical education plays an indispensable role. With the help of physical education, you can achieve the normalization of most of the body's metabolic processes, as well as significantly strengthen it.

The problem with trying to create a healthy lifestyle with the help of physical education is the lack of understanding of which particular type should be preferred. Today we will consider the 2 most popular types of activity that can improve human health in the shortest possible time and direct it towards the development of a healthy lifestyle. These include:

swimming.

Run allows not only to normalize the work of metabolic processes in the body, but also significantly strengthen its tone. Among the benefits that should make you pay attention to running are:

pressure normalization;
improving the saturation of tissues with nutrients;
increased endurance;
increased brain activity;
boosting immunity.

Doctors recommend jogging in the morning. The recommendation is explained simply: a morning run activates the work of all body systems. A person who runs in the morning will be much more active, his thought processes will flow better. In addition, the resulting tone will allow, contrary to the opinion that morning runs are tiring, to keep the sobriety of the mind longer.

When considering the methods and means of forming a healthy lifestyle, your attention will inevitably attract sooner or later swimming. The fact is that this sport allows you to distribute the load as evenly as possible throughout the body. Most of you have probably heard that swimming allows you to use all muscle groups. This, of course, is not fully true, but the fact that most of them are involved is a fact.

To the benefits of swimming include the following items:

lung development;
the possibility of creating a load for people with disabilities;
the most correct distribution of the load and, accordingly, widespread improvements in the functioning of the body;
the possibility of modifying and complicating loads.

In addition to swimming, a wide range of exercises can be performed in the water. Water resistance is a natural trainer that can, even without additional frills, become a solution for strengthening muscle tone.

It turns out that swimming can be part of the main formation of a healthy lifestyle, since improving the physical condition of the body naturally contributes to the rejection of addictions.

Thus, the concept of HLS is quite multifaceted. The coverage of all its components, to some extent, is possible thanks to yoga.

Yoga as a basis for the development of a healthy lifestyle

Yoga has been singled out in a separate category, as it is not just a sport or a healthy diet. This is a set of decisions that lead to the normalization of the state of the human body and his soul. In other words, this is a real healthy lifestyle! Perhaps there is no other direction that could boast such a vast area of influence.

However, for most, yoga is an ephemeral concept. Someone believes that it is just a strange exercise, during which people take eccentric poses with their eyes closed. Others - that this is nothing more than a charge for the lazy. There are many opinions, but let's look at the true reasons for the benefits of yoga.

Representatives of the direction itself position yoga as a system of self-improvement. Initially, yoga appeared as the art of forming moral and ethical aspects that allowed a person to reach heights in many areas of life. The first practices taught a person not just self-control, but the most real techniques for knowing their real abilities through spiritual development.

In the modern interpretation, new yoga practices have been added to the spiritual practices of yoga, aimed at shaping the culture of not only the soul, but also the body. Today yoga offers many directions. Each is unique in its own way, but our task is to find common qualities that, thanks to yoga, are best reflected in human health. To highlight them, we need to determine the features that distinguish yoga from other areas of work on the soul and body. These include:

full static exercise;
emphasis on breathing techniques;
gradual increase in load.

Full statics is a necessary attribute, since the art of yoga consists of sets of exercises that are postures. Each posture carries a load on a certain group of muscles, which, due to contraction and proper breathing, receive the appropriate load.
The breathing technique involves the elimination of stagnant air from the lungs by slow inhalations and exhalations, produced with a certain effort. Such exercises allow you to achieve the correct concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. Consequently, the cells receive the best nutrition, which has a positive effect on mental and physical abilities.
A gradual increase in load is achieved due to the possibility of developing new muscle groups. Regardless of the specific direction of yoga, each has a certain benefit for working on oneself.

If a person decides to engage in the development of a healthy lifestyle, yoga will be an effective way for him to achieve his goal. However, there is one more area to consider, namely the eradication of bad habits. Truly high development results in yoga can only be achieved through strict adherence to its postulates, which include the complete rejection of everything that can negatively affect the body.

Realization of a healthy lifestyle with yoga after bad habits

At the moment when a person has made a decision for himself that he needs to practice yoga and overcome his bad habits, a new era of his life begins. The main thing here is not to lose the incentive to move. To do this, you need to create certain reminders. For example, a girl wants to quit smoking. She knows that due to smoking, her skin tone becomes sandy, that her hands tremble due to a negative effect on the circulatory system, and even the inability to ride a bicycle for a long time due to shortness of breath is also a consequence of a bad habit.

To do this, it is necessary to compile a list of advantages that can be achieved by overcoming a bad habit.

As a rule, for female representatives, appearance plays a special role. In this case, it can be a reduction in wrinkles and an improvement in appearance (healthy skin color, no bags under the eyes, improved hair and nail growth). The most interesting thing is that all these pluses are true, since there is not a single system in the body that would not suffer from smoking!

Quitting smoking can proceed as painlessly as possible for the psyche and the body as a whole thanks to yoga. By regulating the work of the lungs during exercise, you can not only cleanse the body of the effects of smoking, but also activate its resources.

Another example: a young man who likes to drink. It is worth remembering the number of accidents that occurred due to the fault of alcohol (especially true for motorists). Or take the issue of having children. If he already has a child, it is worth thinking about the negative example that he adopts from his father. If there are no children yet, you need to remember that alcohol can deprive a man of the possibility of procreation.

Refusal of alcohol, associated with the beginning of yoga classes, will reduce emotional stress, as well as speed up the regeneration processes. The natural result will be a quick victory over addiction and strengthening of the body.

Education and development of a healthy lifestyle in children

The habits we carry on from childhood are the strongest. They are laid deep in the subcortex of the brain, and therefore it is almost impossible to get rid of them. It has been proven that the foundations of a healthy lifestyle are best introduced in childhood.

These include:

demonstration of a correct example;
Information support;
incentive component.

Parents are not the only ones who should be role models. Every child needs a hobby. Try to make sure that it involves physical activity. A reasonable solution would be to enroll your child in a sports school. As you grow, the realization that the achievement of a result directly depends on its physical form will be an incentive to refuse harmful influences.

Information support should be understood as explanatory work. Explain to your child why smoking is bad and eating vegetables is good.

Encouragement - showing pride in adhering to the established framework of a healthy lifestyle. A positive reaction will strengthen the understanding in the mind of the child that a healthy lifestyle is good!

In the education and development of a healthy lifestyle in children, yoga also has a wide range of applications. The early start of practices allows you to independently "cultivate" your body. The child will grow in perfect harmony with his body. Learn to understand all his signals, which in adulthood is a significant plus, allowing you to avoid most diseases.

Thus, a healthy lifestyle is your key to success at any age. Paying attention to its development in yourself and loved ones, you thereby improve the quality of the standard of living.

CHAPTER 8 BASES FOR FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. HYGIENE EDUCATION AND EDUCATION

The literature quite often cites general provisions formulated by WHO, according to which the “contribution” of social factors in the formation of public health is 50%. Special studies of the role of social and hygienic factors in the development of diseases I.G. Sidorenko and E.N. Kutepova (1997) showed that the lifestyle of children and adolescents determines, depending on the age of children, from 3 to 11% of the incidence.

8.1. HYGIENIC APPROACHES TO FORMATION OF HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLES

Healthy lifestyle - behavior, style, conducive to the preservation, strengthening and restoration of the health of a given population. A healthy lifestyle is not only a medical, but also a socio-economic category, which depends on the development of production and industrial relations. A healthy lifestyle is associated with a person's choice of a health-positive lifestyle, which implies a high level of hygienic culture of individual social groups and society as a whole.

Hygienically rational forms of behavior include behavior that enhances the protective properties of the body, as well as behavior aimed at combating bad habits that affect health. Improving the protective properties of the body includes the optimal mode of various activities and recreation, rational nutrition, optimal motor activity, physical culture, hardening, personal hygiene, medical activity and dynamic monitoring of one's own health, positive environmental behavior.

With regard to children, it must always be borne in mind that not always the child himself can provide an appropriate way of life. Much depends on parents, organizers of education, teachers. In this sense, the child is passive, but his future behavior will largely depend on how his life is organized.

A healthy lifestyle is incompatible with bad habits. The use of alcohol, other intoxicating and narcotic substances, tobacco smoking impede the establishment of any aspects of a healthy lifestyle. Bad habits are among the most important risk factors for many diseases, significantly affect the health of children and adolescents, the population as a whole.

Epidemiological surveys of high school students show that smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction have now become widespread, even threatening, among the youth. This is especially true for alcoholism. In terms of real alcohol consumption, Russia again became one of the leaders.

The most important critical stage at which alcohol installations are laid is adolescence. At this time, a young man undergoes a number of important changes. Firstly, a psychoendocrine restructuring of the body is carried out, and secondly, new needs and interests are awakened, primarily of a sexual nature. Psychological restructuring is painful, accompanied by uncomfortable conditions. Teenagers are characterized by increased vulnerability and maximalism. During this period, it is easier than ever to have a grouping reaction with peers. At the same time, adolescent groups are establishing their own value orientations, ways of spending leisure time, and methods for solving numerous problems. It is this period that is most dangerous in relation to the formation of the habit of drinking alcohol within the framework of group activities. At the same time, attempts to correct behavior on the part of parents or teachers are perceived as an encroachment on independence and independence, a restriction on rights. Therefore, often such straightforward attempts lead to the opposite results, reactions of protest and opposition.

For adolescents, even a peculiar phenomenon is described "group dependence on alcohol", consisting in the fact that the functioning of the adolescent group is organized mainly around the use of alcoholic beverages even before the appearance of

individual members of the group show clear signs of dependence on alcohol or alcoholism. For many, the period of young age has been and is a chain of alcoholic excesses. This is due to the wide availability of alcohol and the significant spread of alcohol customs and traditions. The most dangerous are alcoholic groups, organized around leaders with initial manifestations of alcoholism, sociable, enterprising, endowed with a sense of humor. It is around such people that teenagers are easily grouped.

Teenagers and escape from real life can lead to the alcohol group. Failure in the main activity (study or work) can push to self-assertion in this area. In this case, a very important psychological mechanism can work: having not achieved success in socially acceptable forms of life and “sliding” into the alcohol group, a young person extends his personal negative attitude to the norms and values accepted in the healthy environment that rejected him. Including the prohibitions associated with the intake of alcohol are ignored.

The most important area of work to overcome bad habits is to increase attention to the formation of the personality of a teenager, the elevation of his needs, the assimilation of cultural values accumulated by mankind, i.e. ensuring the spiritual health of youth.

Specific methods of prevention include the system of anti-alcohol education and anti-alcohol education of youth. When conducting anti-alcohol education at school, it is advisable to be guided by the following principles:

Early start of anti-alcohol orientation of schoolchildren. Considering that the formation of individual alcohol attitudes begins already at the age of 9-10, anti-alcohol education should be deployed already in elementary school;

Purposefulness and continuity in the conduct of anti-alcohol education and anti-alcohol propaganda. At the same time, a gradual, repeated, more complex, taking into account age, disclosure of the effects of alcohol is provided from the simplest visual experiments to showing the deep links of alcohol with the damage that is caused to society, and therefore to ourselves;

Planning of anti-alcohol work in accordance with the phases and stages of the formation of attitudes in children regarding the use of alcohol;

Taking into account mental characteristics of different age groups of students in anti-alcohol work;

Correspondence of the hygienic and moral, emotional and content aspects in the anti-alcohol orientation of students;

Organization of high-grade leisure and increase of socially and hygienically useful activity of children;

An integrated approach to anti-alcohol work. Teaching teams should work together with the family, medical specialists, including narcologists, non-governmental organizations;

Personal participation of senior students in anti-alcohol work. It is expedient to involve high school students in anti-alcohol education more widely. It is mutually beneficial for both the elders and the younger. The latter often trust the opinion and position of high school students more than parents and teachers in these matters.

The emphasis of anti-alcohol propaganda among adolescents on the damage to internal organs in alcoholism and its long-term consequences, as a rule, makes it ineffective. Anti-alcohol work should be guided by positive values and guidelines that are significant for children and adolescents, such as the full disclosure of abilities, self-realization of the individual, family, children, status in society.

Anti-alcohol propaganda should be based on positive content, contain a constructive element, appeal to the healthy sides of human nature.

A healthy lifestyle for children is largely determined by the lifestyle of parents, the environment in which the child grows and is brought up.

It is possible to effectively form a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents based on knowledge of the real lifestyle of children of a certain gender, age, group.

8.2. THE VALUE OF HYGIENE

EDUCATION IN FORMATION

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOR CHILDREN

The modern Russian school does not provide all the necessary conditions that would allow it to become a place of formation

health of schoolchildren. In addition to objective reasons, this situation is explained by shortcomings in the system of hygienic education and upbringing of children and adolescents for the formation of their skills and habits of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious and responsible attitude to the preservation and promotion of health.

Hygienic education and upbringing is an important condition for maintaining and strengthening health and should be comprehensive and continuous, encourage them to take active and conscious actions aimed at:

Improving one's own physical and mental health;

Refusal of behavior that is harmful to one's health and the health of others;

An intolerant attitude towards people who harm their own health and the health of others;

Conscious participation in the formation of a health-saving environment.

In recent years, demands have been put forward to revise and radically change the programs, means and methods of hygienic training and education, introduce the principles of a healthy lifestyle, and bring them in line with the changed socio-economic conditions of the population. The main task is to develop and consolidate in children and adolescents during their schooling hygienic skills and habits appropriate for their age, a conscious attitude to health, personal and public safety.

More than half of school students do not have basic hygiene skills that are appropriate for their age: adherence to the daily routine, the ability to alternate mental and physical activity, regular and rational nutrition, age-appropriate physical activity, sufficient sleep, fresh air, personal hygiene skills. It should also be noted that the quality of application of these skills decreases with age.

The currently existing programs of hygienic education and upbringing can only provide an extensive stage of education, i.e. communication of knowledge, but not intensive - the consolidation of this knowledge and their implementation in their behavior. In addition, many programs for adolescents on healthy lifestyles are developed without the participation of specialists and contain controversial information on non-traditional methods of recovery that are unacceptable for

sprouts. All this confirms the need to analyze and revise the existing programs of hygienic education and upbringing of adolescents, both in terms of their content and the forms and methods of education they provide, for the development and further implementation of comprehensive modular programs that contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle for adolescents.

Principles of hygienic education, formation of a healthy lifestyle

The principle of relevance- the principle of hygienic education, orienting it towards providing individuals, groups of persons with the most important and timely hygienic information.

The relevance of hygienic information is determined by modern health maintenance tasks, including healthcare tasks, as well as local (regional, city, etc.) problems.

The principle of relevance in hygienic education involves the reflection of pressing problems related to human health, ecology, hygienic culture, social norms and values, etc.

Scientific principle- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for the implementation of theoretical and practical activities in this area on the basis of scientifically substantiated data. In accordance with this principle, hygienic education uses data from the social sciences (pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc.), which make it possible to provide hygienic information in a convenient, understandable, and interesting form for the population. When developing the content of hygienic education, a particularly important role belongs to medical science: hygienic information must correspond to the current state and the latest achievements of medicine, be scientifically substantiated, objective, reliable, and avoid sensational messages that do not have scientific evidence.

The principle of accessibility- the principle of hygienic education, which implies the correspondence of its content, methods, forms, means to the socio-cultural level, interests and needs of an individual, a group of persons, a social community. This principle assumes the optimal amount of information for assimilation and the rationality of the teaching methodology. Great value for implementation

This principle has didactic approaches to the presentation of the material: the transition from simple to complex, from the known to the unknown, a clear formulation of generalizations and conclusions. The accessibility of information is also achieved by emotional, figurative speech, the absence of incomprehensible medical terms and names in it, the use of life facts as examples, and the use of visual means.

The principle of positive orientation- the principle of hygienic education, which involves the formation of types of behavior and lifestyles focused on positive reference samples approved by society. In accordance with this principle, in the process of hygienic education, considerable attention should be paid to health-positive lifestyles, their beneficial effects on health. The implementation of this principle - showing positive examples - is more effective than showing the negative consequences of negative behavior in relation to health.

The principle of unity of theory and practice- the principle of hygienic education, which implies the possibility of using the knowledge gained by an individual or a group of people in practice. The implementation of the principle is facilitated by illustrating materials on hygiene topics with actual data, analyzing specific practical situations using theoretical information, and, if possible, practicing desirable behaviors in various situations. According to the principle, one should strive to ensure that hygienic education is carried out in conditions that allow one to implement the knowledge gained in life, to test it on one's own experience.

Principle of active learning- the principle of hygienic education, which contributes to the sustainable consolidation of knowledge and skills of a healthy lifestyle, including qualitative analysis, including brainstorming, allowing students to express the maximum number of versions on the proposed issue and develop the most appropriate point of view on the problem in the process of discussing it in small groups, followed by summing up in class; situational tasks with the need for choice and decision making; role-playing games; experiences and experiments; information search; drawing, modeling, modeling; games (board, story, lottery, etc.); dances, pantomime, musical and dramatic scenes. At the same time, along with traditional forms of presentation

information (memos, booklets, exhibitions, card indexes, films and videos, slides, posters), small forms of propaganda should be used more widely - information on packages, bookmarks, calendars, covers of school notebooks, etc.

The principle of unity of education and upbringing- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for the assimilation by an individual or a group of persons not only of the content of information, but also of the methods of its processing, attitude towards it, methods of its use. The implementation of this principle is possible in the context of the integrated use of methods for transmitting information and methods that activate cognitive activity that contribute to the formation of creative activity in relation to health: the method of problem presentation, the heuristic method of teaching, etc. When implementing this principle, both forms of hygienic education based on the activities of a specialist (for example, a lecture) and forms that provide for the active participation of persons who are affected (for example, a discussion) are used.

Principle of differentiated approach- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for its implementation, taking into account the characteristic features of the population groups to which it is directed. In accordance with this principle, in the process of hygienic education, one should take into account the signs that served as the basis for the formation of target groups: gender, age, health status, national characteristics of life, customs, traditions, geographical features, level of awareness, needs for one or another hygiene information, etc. Taking into account the characteristics of the target groups, the content, methods, forms and means of hygienic education are differentiated. Changes in the objective situation, the tasks of hygienic education may lead to the need to take into account new specific features when determining target groups.

The principle of individual approach- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for its implementation, taking into account the individual characteristics of the person to whom it is directed. In accordance with the principle, differentiation of the content, methods, forms, means of hygienic education is carried out, taking into account the state of health, characterological characteristics, temperament, gender, age, etc. The significance of this principle increases in the context of an increase in the level of hygienic culture of the population, when hygienic education cannot be carried out only through mass

information. In accordance with this principle, it is necessary that every adolescent has the opportunity to receive individual advice on issues of health protection and promotion, taking into account physiological and psychological characteristics, social parameters. The implementation of this principle in modern conditions involves the development of individual training programs based on a preliminary study of the health status.

Illustrative principle- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for a combination of the presentation of hygienic information of a theoretical nature with examples and demonstrations that specify its application in practice. In the practice of hygienic education, 3 types of illustrativeness are used: verbal-figurative, symbolic (natural and artificial objects, posters, diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc.), represented by actions. The use of one or another type of illustration or a possible combination of them should be in accordance with the content of hygiene information and take into account the possibilities of adequate understanding of the information by this target group. Illustrativeness contributes to an intelligible and convincing presentation of the material, improves its perception.

Sequence principle- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for the allocation of the main stages and their logical continuity in the process of its implementation. According to this principle, hygienic education is carried out at all stages of growth and development of a teenager; at the same time, the study of new material should be based on previously acquired knowledge. The logical continuity of the presented material makes it possible to avoid fragmentation, fragmentation of the information to be assimilated, the presence of conflicting evaluated facts in the mind and, in general, forms a stable conviction about health.

The principle of consistency- the principle of hygienic education, which provides for the constant, regular nature of its implementation, which makes it possible to give knowledge related to health in the form of an integral system. Consistency in the process of hygienic education makes it possible to form a holistic conceptual picture of health issues, to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills that are a prerequisite for the formation of health-positive lifestyles, and also contribute to a conscious change in lifestyle when changing

nii of objective conditions. The implementation of the principle is possible only in the conditions of coordination of the activities of all institutions and organizations, as well as individuals involved in hygienic education (schools, institutions of secondary vocational training, higher educational institutions, medical institutions, parents, heads of sports sections, organizers of extracurricular activities, etc.).

The principle of stimulating consciousness and activity- the principle of hygienic education, expressing its focus on increasing the activity of an individual, groups of people, social community in matters of health, such activity is possible only with awareness of responsibility for one's own health and the health of others. The principle of stimulating consciousness and activity is extremely important, as it acts as a foundation for changing behaviors and lifestyles.

Stages of learning and building sustainable healthy lifestyle skills

1st stage- development of skills for using the information that a teenager receives in everyday life. Examples include knowledge about the risks associated with smoking, personal awareness of the value of good health, etc. The teacher can conduct group discussions and consultations in his lessons. When conducting lessons, it is very important to take into account the age and psychological characteristics of the child and which group is the reference for him. In primary school age, these are parents, in adolescence, peers.

2nd stage- change in attitude to one's health and to bad habits. Here it is very important to prepare the teenager to make the right decision based on comprehensive information. He must decide.

1. Are bad habits a serious risk to his health.

2. What will he gain by giving up bad habits (for example, good health or success in sports).

3. What will he lose in this case.

An important part of learning healthy lifestyle skills is the development of communication skills that help build relationships, resolve conflicts, stand up for your rights, and refuse unwanted or dangerous forms of behavior. Since the

The formation of one's own style of behavior in adolescence is largely based on the search for an example to follow; at this stage of learning, it is important to use the so-called positive social role models.

3rd stage- decision-making. A teenager must independently make a choice in favor of a healthy lifestyle, and the teacher should help him in this. Teenagers need to learn how to properly evaluate incoming information. They must be able to consciously make a choice in a particular situation, weigh all the pros and cons. Role-playing games are of great help at this stage.

4th stage The teenager has made a decision. The support of parents and teachers is very important here. In addition to purposeful classes at school, school-wide events should be held. Thus, it is expedient to organize quizzes, drawing competitions, for example, on anti-tobacco propaganda, etc.

The upbringing of a high sanitary culture of the population - one of the components of a healthy lifestyle - is a matter of national importance.

In the formation of a sanitary culture, the leading role belongs to a set of measures for hygienic education and training, which is enshrined in law. The federal law "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" contains a special article 36 "Hygienic education and training". It determines that in order to improve the sanitary culture of the population, prevent diseases, and disseminate knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, hygienic education and training of citizens should be carried out.

Hygienic education and education of citizens should be carried out in the process of:

Education and training in preschool educational institutions and other educational institutions;

Professional hygienic training and certification of officials and employees of organizations whose nature of activity is related to the production, storage, transportation and sale of food products and drinking water, the upbringing and education of children;

During the training, retraining and advanced training of employees by including sections on hygiene knowledge in the training programs.

Hygienic education and upbringing of children in educational institutions consists of classroom, out-of-class and out-of-school work carried out by teachers of all subjects, medical personnel of institutions, members of the Red Cross societies, leaders of circles, clubs, associations. Class work is conducted in accordance with educational standards, curricula, methodological recommendations. Basically, hygiene issues are covered in the process of teaching natural history, the basics of life safety, labor, physical education, natural science, biology (educational institutions), as well as labor protection, safety (educational institutions with vocational training). The subject of classes is determined by the curriculum.

Extracurricular and extracurricular activities includes the organization of sanitary posts and brigades, classes in electives and circles "Young Medic", conducting conversations, lectures by medical personnel, individual consultations, watching movies and videos. However, it is more effective to organize game (especially in the lower grades) and competitive forms of education and upbringing: quizzes, competitions, theatrical performances, shows, competitions with the obligatory participation of high school students in programs for younger students, the release of sanitary bulletins, leaflets. For high school students, a good way to teach and educate is to organize conferences, debates, round tables. A powerful means of hygienic education is the participation of schoolchildren in the work of clubs, public associations on hygiene and environmental topics, such as Antiweight (for those who are overweight), the Green Movement, etc.

To check the effectiveness of hygienic education and upbringing, you can use academic performance data in disciplines that include sections of hygiene, control, testing and questioning, but you can not refuse to observe (especially in the lower grades) the formation of hygiene skills and abilities.

An essential component of hygienic education is personal hygiene. Personal hygiene is the most important means of an active attitude of a person to his health.

A teenager should be guided not only by the elementary rules of individual hygiene, but also have the necessary

our skills in the field of mental hygiene and learn certain norms of behavior, mode of action, forms of treatment accepted in a civilized society and, ultimately, “working” for a healthy lifestyle. Interesting in this respect is the statement of M.V. Lomonosov: “Cleanliness should be observed at the table, the contents of books, bed, dress. Whoever behaves disgustingly in appearance shows not only laziness, but also vile morals.

Hygienic education of children and adolescents- complex and multifaceted activity. Various channels of mass communication are also important in it, the use of which must be intensified. According to the popularity of various forms of promoting a healthy lifestyle, television and feature films are in first place. Lectures and talks take the last place.

Various forms of presentation, new interesting genres, headings prepared on television (including cable), taking into account the specifics of the children's audience, can increase the significance of this information channel. Nevertheless, it is difficult to expect that the TV program "Health" will become a favorite program for most young people. In this regard, it is necessary to provide for the conduct of special cycles at all stages of education of children and adolescents on various aspects of a healthy lifestyle of young people using modern audiovisual means.

In the formation of a healthy lifestyle, children are the most promising age category. It is in childhood that the assimilation of the main volumes of information, the development of fundamental life stereotypes take place. It is also important that educational activity is natural for children and adolescents, therefore, the formation of a healthy lifestyle can be organically included in the educational process. Continuity is also needed at all stages of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents (family, school, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, labor collectives, informal associations).

Hygienic education of parents It is carried out mainly in the form of lectures and conversations at parent-teacher meetings, individual conversations and consultations. It is also necessary to have popular scientific literature, memos, and recommendations for parents in the medical office.

The most relevant topics for working with parents are “How to facilitate the adaptation of a first grader to school”, “Student's daily routine”,

"Choice of profession and health", "Hygiene of sexual education", "Prevention of bad habits", "Protection of neuropsychic health of schoolchildren", "Physical education and health".

Hygienic training of personnel is carried out in several directions. Lectures, conversations, individual consultations are organized for teachers. A mandatory form is attendance by medical personnel of lessons with their subsequent hygienic assessment and analysis with teachers, as well as speeches at pedagogical meetings. A selection of relevant literature for teachers and educators is also necessary. For technical personnel, it is considered the most rational step-by-step training in compliance with continuity.

The main topics of classes with staff are “Sanitary rules for the arrangement and maintenance of premises and sites”, “Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the organization of self-service work for children”, “Personal hygiene of personnel”, “The most important measures for the prevention of infectious diseases”, “Hygienic requirements for the organization of the pedagogical process”, “Organization of recreational activities for children with health problems”, “Personal hygiene of a student” (for teachers).

Employees of educational institutions are required to undergo hygienic training and take a test (1 time in 2 years according to the established program).

The part-time hygienic training program for school employees includes the following main sections:

The health of the child and adolescent population, the conditions for its formation, indicators of the health status of the individual and the team;

Hygiene of the day regimen and the educational process;

Hygiene of physical education;

Hygiene of labor training;

Nutritional hygiene of children and adolescents;

Hygienic requirements for the construction, reconstruction, improvement, maintenance and equipment of schools, gymnasiums, lyceums;

Hygienic requirements for educational furniture and equipment;

Hygienic training and education. Fundamentals of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents;

Medical and sanitary and epidemiological support for children and adolescents;

Responsibility of the administration of educational institutions for the implementation of the requirements of sanitary norms and rules.

According to epidemiological indications, hygienic certification can be carried out more often. On this occasion, the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the territory adopts an appropriate resolution, the implementation of which is mandatory for everyone.

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