Impregnation for stone will help to cope with many problems in the appearance of stone buildings. After all, despite the high strength, durability and reliability, the stone can also be exposed to rust or salt.

The main reason to engage in the protection of the material is the corrosion of natural stone under the influence of high humidity. Consider options for removing stains and protecting the natural appearance of the material.

The stone impregnation agent is used not only for the treatment of facades, but also for the purpose of removing rust, salt and protecting against graffiti. The composition of a substance, as well as the principle of its action, depends on the scope of use. All of them create an invisible film on the stone, regardless of whether it is natural or artificial. This film protects stone structures from scuffs and significantly extends their service life.

Principle of operation

The substance promotes the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the stone object and prevents it from getting inside. The water repellent fills the pores of the stone. The molecules of the substance create a special mesh that prevents the penetration of water.

Do not forget that water-repellent impregnations will not protect against oil stains. Oil particles freely pass through the molecular network and remain in the pores. You can avoid this problem if you use oil-based products.

When to use

Protective equipment can come in handy in several situations.

1. The stone is used both inside and outside the building. In both cases, it can be affected by harmful substances. It can be various solutions with a caustic composition, household chemicals and even water. From them on the surface, for example, marble, hard-to-remove stains may appear.
2. The stone used for outdoor decoration needs protection more than others. It can be affected, for example, by direct sunlight. Because of this, the same marble can discolor and become faded.
3. Mold, moss, fungi form on the stone. Growing up, these organisms can destroy the structure of the material and even the entire stone structure.
4. The salt inside the stone, under certain conditions, can come out, crystallize and destroy the material.

What you need to know about the types of drugs

Impregnation allows you to keep the attractive appearance of stone and decorative stone tiles for a long time. It will not lose its color and will not fade under the influence of direct sunlight. The film on the surface will protect the stone from the appearance of potholes, cracks and chips, make it more durable, dense.

There are compounds that can penetrate deep into the stone. They close the pores and polymerize it. Such impregnations are called hydrophobic mixtures or water repellents - they play a protective role and protect the stone from moisture. In addition, they make it resistant to petroleum products, reagents and other similar substances.

Types depending on the composition

1. Latex impregnations help prepare stone structures for further painting.
2. Chemical-based impregnations remove rust from natural and artificial stones.
3. Silicone solutions protect stone products from environmental influences, make them resistant to temperature extremes.
4. Impregnation without any additional effects. It is a chemical compound, sometimes silicone-based, that has the ability to penetrate the pores of the stone. Such products do not leave films, stains and smudges. Stone impregnation forms a protective layer inside. After drying, the treated surface will be indistinguishable from the uncoated surface. Take, for example, granite. When a water repellent is applied to its surface, moisture, oils and other substances will not be able to penetrate inside. They will stay on the surface and are easy to remove.
5. Wet effect finish. This is a tool that takes care of the appearance of the stone, highlights its color and structure. If you cover the surface with this type of impregnation, it will get a wet sheen and rich color, and there will be no film left. Wet stone impregnation is responsible for the decorative component.
6. Graffiti protection. , can have a destructive effect on the stone. In addition, the process of its removal is fraught with some difficulties. If you cover the surface with this type of impregnation, it will not absorb paint, which, in which case, can be easily removed with the simplest cleaning agents.

Types depending on the effect

It is noteworthy that absolutely all stones, both natural and artificial, can be treated with hydrophobic impregnations. These are granite (porcelain stoneware), marble, cement stone, sandstone, gypsum. Decorative items made from these materials will benefit from the use of a water repellent.

Advantages

We can highlight the main advantages of impregnation for stone:

1. Make stone surfaces as hydrophobic as possible. Granite, marble, sandstone, gypsum will not change their properties over time. They will become more resistant to weather changes and mechanical stress.
2. Corrosion of cement stone and other similar materials is a serious problem. If they are coated with a special agent, the level of corrosion resistance will increase.
3. Cracks do not form inside stone products.
4. The foundation and plinth become waterproof.
5. Stone surfaces do not change their appearance for a long period of time.
6. Easy to apply without requiring additional preparation.
7. Harmless.

Work rules

The application of hydrophobic agents is subject to some basic rules.

1. The processing of marble, granite, gypsum and gypsum products begins with the cleaning of their surface. They need to remove stains from oils, tar, bitumen, salt, mold. Removal can be done using special cleaning agents.
2. Depending on the type of impregnation used, the work surface must be dry or damp. For example, for silicone-based solutions, moisture is needed in order for the reaction to begin.
3. Corrosion of cement stone, as well as other types of stones, leads to the formation of cracks. They must be repaired before covering the surface with a water repellent. For small cracks, it is enough to mix cement and sand. For large ones, epoxy is suitable.
4. Concrete products (this also applies to closed cracks) must be cured for 4 weeks before coating.
5. It is important to determine if the materials and impregnation are compatible. For example, products for limestone, gypsum, granite or marble may differ in composition and principle of action. If there is any doubt about the use of a particular composition, a test application should be carried out.
6. In no case should you dilute or modify the impregnation in any way. It must be applied from the container in which it is supplied by the manufacturer.
7. Water repellents are applied with a roller or brush, they can be sprayed.
8. Apply impregnation in a thin layer. If there is excess, remove them immediately.
9. It is important that the room in which the work is carried out is well ventilated.

How to Remove Rust Stains

Rust can sometimes appear on the stone surface. How to deal with it? With the help of special cleaners. They are of two types:

• liquid,
• pasty.

Both those and other rust removers are made on the basis of inorganic acids and anti-corrosion additives. Such cleaners are not suitable for those stones that are destroyed by acids, such as gypsum and gypsum structures.

marble materials

Separately, there is the processing of marble. This natural stone has a heterogeneous structure, veins, inclusions, cracks. Unlike granite, it is soft and easy to process. These properties affect the durability of marble products.

To remedy the situation, impregnation for marble is suitable. It is easily absorbed, leaving no stains and streaks and without changing the appearance of products. Such substances make marble more durable, moisture resistant, resistant to destructive factors.

Help of chemicals

Corrosion, destruction, moisture and many other external factors are subject to both natural and artificial stone. Salt stains or rust spots often form on it. Their removal is associated with difficulties, but there is a way out. Granite, porcelain stoneware, gypsum and gypsum products can be coated with a special hydrophobic impregnation, sometimes with a silicone base. It will protect surfaces from moisture, rapid deterioration and staining.

If stains have already appeared, you can use rust removers. All these substances have a protective and decorative function. For example, the impregnation treatment of marble makes products made from it strong, reliable and durable, and also protects against rust and other stains.

The presence of stone products in the interior is not only relevant, stylish, elegant, but also original. The company has its own production, equipped with the latest high-tech Italian equipment with numerical control for working with natural stone.

Processing for interiors

Our stone processing production allows us to manufacture countertops, bar counters, steps, stairs, window sills, fireplaces, reception desks, etc. according to individual orders.

Finishing for exteriors

In addition to the production of products for interiors, the capabilities of our equipment also allow us to produce various architectural forms for decorating your home from the outside - finishing facades, plinths, entrance groups, porches, stairs, columns, pilasters, as well as landscape design elements.

Processing prices

The processing of stone (marble, granite, onyx, travertine, quartz agglomerate) is characterized by excellent properties that make the interior element made from them truly unique. All prices are shown in the table below:

Prices for stone processing (marble)

Prices for stone processing (granite and agglomerate)

Invoice processing

Stone processing gives the surface of the product a different texture, depending on the technology used. The main difference between natural stone and artificial stone is that artificial material is simply not able to convey the beauty created by nature itself. Textured finishes can be chipped, sawn, sanded, polished, brushed, heat-treated and artificially aged in the antique style.

A chipped texture (rock) is a plane formed as a result of breaking off a part of its surface from it, resembling a rocky relief.

Sawn processing (turned) is a type of stone surface formed as a result of sawing rock.
The fact is that in the composition of the stone there are always inclusions of several minerals that have an unequal degree of hardness. After friction with brushes, softer minerals are rubbed off more than hard ones, forming an uneven surface level.
The artificially aged texture of a stone is a surface formed after exposure to a chemical solution based on acid. The acid eats away the thin layer of softer minerals, giving a rough and aged look.
A polished texture is a rough plane that occurs after grinding a stone with a smoked abrasive, depending on the size of the abrasive, the polished surface can be more or less rough, almost polished, but with a matte surface. The smoother the product, the more clearly the natural pattern of natural stone is reflected.
Polished texture is the processing of stone with the smallest abrasives, as a result of which the surface most clearly reflects the natural beauty of the texture and has a mirror-like glossy sheen that reflects all the surrounding space.

When ordering stone processing in our company, you receive not only an exquisite and high-quality product, but also services for its installation and advice from care specialists.

The oldest and especially popular in modern construction is natural stone. The demand for this material is due to strength and durability, but it must be remembered that almost all rocks have the ability to absorb liquids. In the articles we talked about the methods of protection, cleaning and processing of stone surfaces. But when using natural stone, you need to know what to look for when choosing a special tool, depending on what tasks it will perform.

What is impregnation for?

All kinds of protective compounds are usually used in the following situations:

• The stone is exposed to external factors. In this case, the material can be both inside the building and on the street. Chemicals, detergents, paint, water damage the coating very much. As a result, stains appear on the stone, which are quite difficult to remove.
• Facing burnout occurs. Exterior finishes are most exposed to sunlight, losing their original color.
• The stone is overgrown with moss, mold and fungi. If their appearance is not prevented, then over time the stone will gradually collapse.
• White spots appear on the surface. Efflorescence negatively affects not only the appearance of products, but also leads to damage to the structure of the material over time.

Types of protective drugs

Impregnation must be chosen taking into account the negative effects that will be exerted on the stone during operation. Today, chemical manufacturers offer to use different types of impregnations. The composition fills the pores and does not allow moisture to destroy the natural material. In addition, the stone becomes resistant to gasoline, salt, chemicals and other aggressive substances and retains its attractive appearance for many years.

Depending on the composition, protective impregnations are of the following types:

• latex-based - used to prepare stone for painting;
• containing chemicals - used to remove stains and rust of various origins;
• silicone - serve to protect stone surfaces from the effects of rain, snow, sun and temperature extremes.

Characteristics of different compositions

Quite popular among buyers are solutions that create the effect of a wet stone. This impregnation is used to protect against water and the appearance of dirty spots. Experts recommend applying the product in order to improve the appearance of the product and emphasize the natural structure of the material. And also impregnation "wet stone" is used to enhance the color of the stone, eliminate microcracks and more.

Such solutions are consumed quite economically and are easy to use. Treatment with such impregnation provides reliable protection against external influences, prevents aging and rapid destruction of natural material. The surface becomes bright and glossy, much fresher and darker than the original color. Such impregnations are used on external and internal surfaces - cladding, countertops, floor coverings, monuments, sculptures. It is undesirable to use "wet" stone impregnation with a glossy effect on paving stones.

Other popular means are water repellents. Their purpose is to protect the surface from the absorption of various liquids. It can be water, tea, juices, coffee and others, which, when penetrating into the structure of the stone, spoil its appearance and aesthetics and contribute to the premature destruction of the material. Water repellents are safe for human health and do not harm the environment, they dry quickly and are deeply absorbed into the stone. At the same time, the thinnest film is formed on the surface, which prevents the penetration of moisture and oily substances, the appearance and growth of mold. The stone becomes more resistant to sub-zero temperatures, while maintaining the appearance of the material and its breathability. Facades lined with natural stone and treated with water repellents are much easier to care for in winter. However, it is better not to use such impregnations on surfaces subject to prolonged exposure to water, such as paths and sidewalks. It is important to remember that a stone coated with a water repellent cannot be painted if necessary, so the composition should be applied last.

Often, as a protective agent, consumers choose stone varnish, which is glossy and matte. The first makes the coating brighter, as if wet. The second type of varnish is usually used for floors and stairs in buildings with high traffic.

Protective varnishes are quite deeply “absorbed” by the stone, making it resistant to external influences and weather disasters. Such funds are of the following types:

• polymer - used for indoor and outdoor work;
• polyurethane - mainly used for impregnation of stone facades, tiles in swimming pools or paving, as it makes the surface impervious to water;
• silicone and acrylic - enhance the decorative properties of the stone, are used for finishing outdoor elements and varnishing large areas indoors.

The surface coated with such a composition becomes more durable and is not subject to wear. Such impregnations have minimal flammability, are resistant to low and high temperatures, and are suitable for use in wet rooms (baths, bathrooms and shower rooms), outdoors and in public places. Varnishes contain chemical compounds, so when working with them you need to be careful.

There are special tools not only to protect the stone and improve its external characteristics. Anti-slip impregnations help to make the surface safe and prevent people from falling on granite, marble, ceramic floors. Such compositions are made on the basis of water and are very easy to use. When conducting primary processing, experts recommend testing in an inconspicuous area, as the stone may lose its brightness.

Today, manufacturers offer many new products, among which are special compounds for protecting stone from graffiti. Such solutions evenly cover the surface and do not allow paint from a can to penetrate into the structure of the stone, and the removal of the pigment becomes hassle-free - it is enough to treat the contaminated area with a steam jet.

Such impregnation is used for natural and artificial stone, as well as for brick, concrete and other materials with a porous structure. The anti-graffiti preparation contains water, silicone and polymers. In addition to the main purpose, this composition makes the stone resistant to the destructive effects of wind, water, temperature changes, the treated surface does not turn yellow, does not stick and becomes a little brighter. It is not recommended to use anti-graffiti impregnation on polished and glazed surfaces. This will result in a loss of brilliance and brightness. The paint-resistant coating needs to be renewed periodically as it is quite unstable.

If you need to save the stone without streaks or film formation, then it is better to use a tool that does not create any effects. Impregnation quickly penetrates into the depth of the stone, so a protective layer is formed inside. After applying the composition, the material does not change its color and texture, but dirt and water do not penetrate into its structure. Dust, liquid, oil accumulate on the surface and are removed with conventional detergents. Such impregnations are indispensable for the treatment of countertops and floors in the kitchen, in the hallway, bathroom and other areas where the stone is regularly exposed to quite severe pollution and requires constant care.

When choosing a composition, it is important to remember that impregnating agents are not always able to protect the stone. Under the influence of external factors, any composition gradually loses the properties declared by the manufacturer. Therefore, to maintain the good condition of the natural material, it is necessary to apply protective impregnations regularly. The refresh rate depends on the original structure of the stone. For example, it is desirable to cover more porous rocks and surfaces subject to strong mechanical stress with a protective solution every two years, and for a dense and less loose stone, one treatment per five years will be enough.

Cutting polishing and stone processing at home, homemade machine

Rings with radiant gems. Pendants, earrings, cufflinks and other jewelry with stones. Writing instruments, sculptures. Columns and plinths of buildings.

In all these cases, the stones perfectly fulfill the role of artistic, sculptural and building material, serve as the main detail of the artistic and applied composition.

Beautiful stones? But the most ordinary, ordinary, not precious.

The stone does not reveal its beauty to everyone: it gives the most amazing to the hardworking. And labor is to cut the stone correctly, grind it, polish it or process it according to the intended shape. For the labor spent on it, the stone will give a picture that it has kept for millennia, come to life and sparkle with bizarre colors and shades. And, having once experienced the joy of “discovering” a stone, seeing the amazing in it, a person involuntarily falls in love with a stone.

Loving a stone is one of the wonderful hobbies. Stone lovers collect all minerals, including ore rocks. But special attention is given to agates, jaspers, flints and transitional forms of these minerals. These seemingly ordinary stones are truly limitless in their diversity. And the deposits are countless. In Moscow itself, in Rublev, there are many flints. In Dmitrov - agate flints. In Golutvin, a few minutes drive from Moscow, agates and flints. In Stupino - this is also near Moscow, agates and crystal brushes.

And in general, there are countless deposits of interest for stone lovers in the country - these are the mountainous regions of the Urals, and Transbaikalia, and Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus, and Karelia, and the whole country.

But finding the stone is only the first step. It is followed by processing. The stone is cut using the so-called cutting discs, which are sold in diamond tool stores.

The cutting discs used by amateurs have a diameter of 125 to 200 millimeters and are driven by a 160-200 watt motor through a belt drive.

The stone is cut at the circumferential speed of the disk from 20 to 30 meters per second. Abundant water cooling of the disc is required on both sides.

How to make a stone cutting machine at home

And how exactly to make a stone cutting machine at home, how to bring cooling to it, this type of creativity is left to the amateur himself. View machine design

Grinding stone to obtain flat plates can be done on ordinary glass using abrasive powders.

A few drops of water on the glass and a small portion of the powder - and you can start. During the grinding process, powder is added in small portions as the abrasive wears, and water is added to keep the glass creamy.

When grinding from large fractions of the powder to smaller ones, the glass, the stone to be ground and the hands must be washed with soap and water and a brush: if at least a few large grains get into the fine fraction of the powder, the work will be spoiled.

After grinding, the stone is polished on a mechanical felt or felt wheel with a diameter of 150 to 200 millimeters. When polishing, you need chromium oxide powder and water. Wheel rotation speed from 400 to 700 rpm.

I talked about only one way to process stone, but there are many. Stone lovers can offer one of the rational designs of the machine for processing small stones. The device of the machine is clear from the diagram, so we will give only some recommendations.

As an engine, it is better to use commercially available electric motors for washing machines - single-phase, with power from 180 to 230 watts and developing 1400 rpm. With such engine characteristics, pulleys can be two-stage, with gear ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.35.

The first gear is convenient for processing stone on faceplates with fixed abrasive material, and the second is faster for processing stone with bulk abrasive.

For transmission, it is convenient to use a V-belt from the Zaporozhets car. The faceplate fastening thread can be both right and left, so long as the faceplate does not turn off the axis when working under load.

The size of the sludge trough should be approximately twice the diameter of the faceplate, and the height of the sides should be two centimeters above the surface of the faceplate. Rubber can be attached to the side walls of the trough so that a stone that accidentally jumps out of hands does not break.

Let me remind you that all stone processing is carried out with water, but the dropper on the machine is used only when working on faceplates with a fixed abrasive. When processing with bulk abrasive, it is best to wet the stone with water in a separate bath.

Of course, the machine should have a set of faceplates: cast iron, wooden, metal with glued felt and felt. Such a set is necessary for step-by-step processing and polishing.

Young Technician - for skillful hands 1985-04, page 14

Dry cleaning can also be used to remove surface deposits. Its advantage is that samples suffer less from scratches and chips. At home, a 5-15% solution of hydrochloric or oxalic acid is used for this. But first you need to make sure that your minerals do not dissolve in acid. Aragonite, azurite should not be treated with acid, they dissolve in it very quickly. Taquio minerals like turquoise, lapis lazuli are handled very carefully, as they dissolve in acid, albeit slowly. To soften organic residues that may occur on the surface of the samples, they are soaked in acetic acid. Fatty compounds are removed with gasoline and acetone.

Some household chemicals are very effective for dry cleaning of minerals. For example, carbonate lime shells can be removed from minerals by boiling them with Antina-Kipin. Well cleans even hard-to-reach areas of the surface detergent "Progress". Transparent minerals at the last stage of chemical treatment are well cleaned with glass and crystal cleaners (for example, IPA).

A "chemical bath" is very effective if the minerals are boiled under pressure in a pressure cooker. At the same time, steam penetrates into the most inaccessible places. After processing, the stones are thoroughly washed with clean water.

SPILLING AND CUTTING

Cleaned and washed stones must be sorted. Some hobbyists collect only fossils or beautiful specimens, mineralogical rarities. Many collectors of collections subject samples to grinding and polishing. This helps to fully reveal the beauty of the stone. Experienced amateurs find such planes in the stone, cutting along which you can see the play of colors, reminiscent of landscapes, and even portraits.

Beautiful, but less interesting stones for the collection can be set aside for crafts: mosaics, caskets, carvings. Some lovers try to emphasize the beauty of the stone by combining with metal, wood.

Before you start working on the craft, you need to split the stone, removing all unnecessary. For splitting (preparation) of large samples, special devices should be made: a clamp with two teeth made of hardened metal or a vise in which two corners with victorious teeth are mounted (Fig. 7).

The stone is cut with special diamond wheels or commercially available diamond saws. The machine for cutting, grinding can be assembled on the basis of an electric grinder or an electric drilling device EZS-1 (Fig. 8). It has two shaft outlets, one equipped with a cartridge 6, the other with an emery wheel or a special faceplate, with a diamond coating (1). The power of the EZS-1 device is 0.25 kW, the rotational speed is 2800 min, -

Other electric motors can be used for stone processing in the power range from 0.25 to 0.5 kW and a rotation frequency from 15C0 to 3000 min. - A box 12 with a hinged lid serves as a stand for the machine. The machine is attached to the cover with bolts. The hinged cover allows the machine to be placed in an inclined position for some operations.

From the side of the cartridge, a side table 11 is attached to the box. Its height is adjustable so that it is possible to work with cutting wheels of various diameters.

A guide bar 9 is installed on the side table, made of a duralumin corner 25X25 mm. A protective fence 7 of the cutting circle is installed on the side. There is a grove in the middle along the table and the protective fence, which helps to orient the stone when cutting.

For soundproofing the machine, the bottom of the drawer and the support of the side table are upholstered with rubber or felt.

A pan with water is placed under the side table of the machine to cool the cutting wheel. Soap solution can be added to water to reduce friction. The second water tray is installed under the faceplate.

When cutting, the stone is fed along a guide bar, the position of which is adjusted to the thickness of the stone plate to be cut. Feed stone - towards the rotation of the cutting circle. Water to cool the wheel can also be supplied with a moistened piece of foam rubber, which is held with the left hand at the side of the cutting wheel. A stone is served with the right hand.

It is better to hold large stones with both hands, and press the foam rubber together with the stone to the tool. For stability, the stone is first cut off the edge to get a support platform (Fig. 9). And you can install the stone in a specially prepared cardboard box, fill it with cement and, after complete hardening, cut the stone together with the cement stand. After cutting, the cement is carefully removed. I will limit the diameter of the cutting tool, it sets the size of the cut stone. To cut a larger stone, it is notched, as shown in Figure 10, and three wedges of thin steel plates are driven into the cut grooves. The stone is broken by carefully hitting the wedges. In this way, stones can be cut that are slightly larger than the diameter of the cutting tool.

If it is necessary to cut a cracked stone, then it is glued with epoxy glue before cutting. Cracks are outlined on a wet surface with a pencil, so they can be seen better. Before sizing, the stone must be dried so that no water remains in the cracks. To do this, it is heated over an electric stove, and then cooled to about 60 ° C. Epoxy glue is applied to the hot stone with a brush or stick along the marked cracks, so it penetrates deeper and hardens faster. After this operation, the stone becomes

strong enough to be cut into thin slices without fear.

GRINDING

The cut surface must be carefully polished so that the beauty of the stone comes out brighter.

Grinding can be done on the same machine as described in the splitting and cutting section. For convenience, the cover of the machine stand is placed obliquely at an angle of about 15 e (Fig. 11).

It is best to use diamond faceplates for grinding, but you can also use ordinary abrasive wheels, and the so-called rubberized ones.

Rubberized abrasive wheels are good because you can make grooves in them and grind round stones. In addition, they are safe to use. Ordinary abrasive wheels give a lot of dirt due to the fact that they themselves wear out quickly, there are times when they shatter into pieces during operation. Therefore, for safety reasons, a tight steel casing must be put on top of them. As a casing, you can use an old aluminum bowl with the bottom removed (Fig. 11). Grinding starts on wheels with coarse diamond or abrasive grains from 300 to 60 microns, the second stage of grinding is carried out on wheels with grains from 60 to 40 microns and the last stage - on wheels with grains from 40 to 10 microns.

When grinding, a continuous supply of water is essential. You can, as with cutting, use a piece of wet foam rubber. But it is better to install a tank with a rubber hose and a tap above the machine, through which water will drop by drop to the faceplate and then drain through another tube into the pan, as shown in Figure 11. The same metal casing-bowl serves to protect against water splashing.

POLISHING

The main tools for this final operation in stone processing are laps, polishing wheels made of felt and fabric, as well as brushes - hair or vegetable materials (for example, jute).

Laps are the most important tool for finishing a stone's surface. They are made in the form of faceplates and manual. The material of the lap for stone processing is different. It can be cast iron, tin, lead, wood, fluoroplastic, hematite, chalcedony.

The laps themselves, as a rule, perform fine grinding, and moistened chromium oxide or GOI paste is added for polishing. Instead of chromium oxide, you can use green paint of the same name, since chromium oxide is its main component. You can polish it with a leather swab. The disadvantage of chromium oxide and GOI paste is that they eat into the cracks of the stone and are washed out with difficulty, with the help of gasoline. Aluminum oxide powders are also used for polishing.

Processing of natural stone

Since most stones are mined in the form of shapeless massive rock, they need to be processed, which will make their further use in a particular area possible. The exception is rocks that have a natural decorative value (boulder, pebbles, coral, pearls, etc.). A variety of textured processing of natural stone gives it an aesthetic appearance, helps to reveal and emphasize decorative properties, or hide imperfections.

Modern technologies for processing natural stone

Mechanized stone-cutting production allows you to process any rocks and bring their surface after mining and sawing the necessary texture. There are the following technologies for processing natural stone to obtain the desired surface texture. Some of them can be found below.

Sawn surface - obtained by sawing the workpiece. For this, machines with a rectilinear movement of the saw frame, band, wire and circular saws are used. The surface becomes rough with discontinuous grooves up to 5 mm deep.

Surfaces with this texture are used for paving playgrounds, garden paths, lining plinths and walls. In addition, these products are used as a material for subsequent, finer processing - polishing, grinding, burnishing.

Ground surface - is formed as a result of processing the workpiece with grinding wheels, on portal and bridge-type machines, grinding and polishing conveyors and grinding and polishing machines for bulk products. The surface acquires a uniform roughness, with relief irregularities up to 0.5 mm high. This technology is applicable for light rocks with an unexpressed pattern. It is not suitable for dark, especially with a pattern of rocks, as it significantly hides the pattern and color.

Such products are used for finishing floors, platforms, stairs and places where it is necessary to reduce slip.

Polished texture - achieved by using special grinding wheels coated with micro-grinding powders. The surface is smooth, but does not have a mirror finish. Burnishing opens the pattern well, highlighting the structure of the stone.

The slabs obtained in this way are used for facing the floor plane and the outer walls of buildings.

Polished - achieved by subsequent grinding of the polished surface on the conveyor with powder-coated wheels, and then with felt and cloth wheels. A special shine is given to the polished stone by the use of Goy paste or tin nitrate.

Polishing perfectly reveals the pattern of the stone and emphasizes the color.

Such material is used for interior decoration, production of window sills, countertops and other interior elements.

Conchoidal - has uniform depressions from 1 to 4 mm deep, one hundred gives the stone a special decorative appearance.

With this texture, the plates are used for exterior decoration of buildings and in the design of interiors.

Melted - is obtained as a result of the use of thermal stone processing technology on a thermo-gas-jet machine. It shows texture and color well, while giving the impression that the stone is slightly melted.

Products after heat treatment are used for finishing the facades of buildings, stairs and platforms.

The rocky texture of the surface is an imitation of roughly processed rock with the presence of depressions and protrusions from 50 to 200 mm, arranged in a chaotic manner and not subjected to additional processing. The effect is achieved by chipping the rock from a previously weakened surface.

A material with such a texture for finishing the facades of large buildings, emphasizing their significance and monumentality, as well as their natural connection with the surrounding landscape.

Common ways of processing natural stone

Modern methods of processing natural stone are divided into 2 types: mechanical and physical-mechanical.

Mechanical methods include the most common methods to date such as shearing, impact destruction and cutting.

When chipping, the following is achieved: the texture of a flat and relief rock, bumpy, characterized on the front surface by the presence of evenly distributed depressions and bumps texture and texture relief, with the presence of parallel grooves from 0.5 to 3 mm high.

Cutting is the most common modern stone processing method. It is carried out by the method of disk, rope or strip sawing.

Strip sawing is divided into sawing with steel and cast iron shot and diamond strip sawing.

Disc sawing is becoming more and more widespread in the processing of rocks of any hardness and is divided into disc and diamond disc sawing with cutters.

Rope sawing is widely used for cutting rocks of various densities. Its development is in 3 directions: wire rope with the help of an abrasive, diamond wire sawing and sawing with ropes reinforced with carbide washers.

Impact destruction of stone is most widely used in the practice of hewn products. Most often, steps, foundations of monuments, bridge abutments and other elements are made in this way, where a point texture of processing is achieved.

A worthy place in the industry is beginning to be occupied by the method of ultrasonic decorative processing of stone in an abrasive environment. The process proceeds very slowly, but is characterized by very high accuracy.

Physical-mechanical methods include processing with high-frequency currents and a widely used method of processing stone with thermosetting gas burners of kerosene-oxygen and gasoline-air types, which is used for the production of architectural and construction details and the manufacture of monuments from high-strength rocks.

The method of high-frequency currents is most suitable for processing blanks in the production of curbs, parapets, steps, etc. This method, when using high-frequency oscillations up to 20 MHz, is considered the most accurate and promising.

Natural stone processing at home

According to the degree of difficulty, all stones are divided into soft and hard. Soft stones can be easily processed with the same tool as metal products, and hard stones require the use of a special tool. Stone processing at home requires a separate room equipped with exhaust ventilation, since such work as cutting and grinding is accompanied by a large amount of stone dust, which is very harmful to health.

At home, for the processing of natural stone, you can carry out such work as: cutting, grinding, stone polishing and engraving. It is important to remember that cutting, grinding and polishing of stone is carried out only with a continuous supply of water. The water cools the cutting element, removes the slurry generated during operation and significantly reduces the level of stone dust.

Cutting - rough is carried out using an ordinary grinder and a stone disc. More accurate will require the use of a sawmill-type machine with a metal, preferably a movable platform.

Grinding - carried out using a grinding machine (manual or stationary) or a grinder with appropriate grinding wheels. The easiest way to grind, but only for stones up to 20-25 cm long: pour abrasive powder on a cast-iron plate and pour water, put a stone on top and rub until it acquires the desired surface. The fine-grained structure of cast iron facilitates the processing of stone.

Arbor made of natural or artificial stone

Natural stone is a material that has excellent aesthetic and operational parameters and allows you to create a luxurious visual picture when decorating the interior space and when facing the facade of buildings. Natural stone remains one of the best options for creating decorative interior elements -, etc. At the same time, it is impossible to achieve perfect aesthetics without primary processing of natural stone.

The mechanism of working with such a monolithic natural material involves several stages of complex processing, which creates a completely unique visual component at each stage and makes natural stone also an aesthetically variable material.

JazzStone Company offers comprehensive services for the processing of natural stone and the creation of exclusive interior models that will become the best decoration for your home and office.

Stages of natural stone processing

Textured machining is primarily aimed at creating a special surface structure that emphasizes the beauty and attractiveness of the natural patterns of the rock. In their work, Jazzstone specialists use the following stages and options for processing marble, granite and other types of natural stone:

• Sawing. A rough stone processing method that involves the use of wire, diamond circular or band saws to obtain a rough, uneven surface of the material. Sawing is the first step towards secondary processing methods, and stone slabs made in this way are used to create facade compositions and garden paths.
• Grinding. This stage is carried out on special grinding machines in order to level the surface of the sawn stone. This technique is used only for light-colored stones, since grinding reduces the contrast and brightness of the colored material. Polished stone is the best choice for finishing floors and stair structures.
• Burnishing. The next stage of processing after grinding, which forms a smoother and even surface, which is valuable when creating floor and cladding compositions. For the purpose of polishing, abrasive materials are used.
• Polishing. The polished form is a true perfection among the processed varieties of natural stone, because the surface of such material is mirror-smooth and glossy, which creates a luxurious and noble aesthetic. This method of processing maximizes the natural palette of the stone, emphasizing the advantages and texture of the material. This effect is achieved by using finely dispersed abrasives, which is especially effective when applied to marble and granite, which are subject to such complex mechanical influences. Polished stone is used primarily for finishing interior decorative and work items, such as a bar counter, bathroom, countertops, mosaics and panels.

In addition to classical processing techniques, methods are often used to achieve non-standard aesthetic effects. In this regard, our employees are proficient in the following techniques for working with natural stone:

• heat treatment - exposure to a directed jet of air supplied with a high temperature. The texture at the same time acquires an uneven, rough appearance, after firing soft particles and grains of the stone surface.
• Bush-hammering - processing of the material by impact loads of carbide tools, in order to form a relatively even, but at the same time rough surface.
• Sandblasting - under the influence of a directed air stream with a finely dispersed abrasive, it is possible to obtain excellent aesthetics, a rough and somewhat wavy stone.
• chipping – is made either by hand or by means of special equipment and makes it possible to recreate the effect of a natural relief chip on the surface of the stone. Such types of material are called "Rock" and are used for cladding buildings, emphasizing the solidity, naturalness and relief of the pattern. In addition, the Rock is in harmony with the elements of landscape design.
• Etching - involves acid treatment, in order to dissolve the softest structures of the stone and results in an original, intricate pattern. Due to the high cost, it is mainly used for marble rocks.
• Aging or antique - based on manual and abrasive work with the material, which creates an uneven, visually aged surface pattern with channels and chips.
• Split - the result of the work of a special tool that splits a monolithic surface, creating an uneven "torn" texture.

The processing of natural stone and the creation of unique decorative compositions is the main profile of our work, in which we are leaders and 100% professionals. Turning to the JazzStone company, you will be offered all possible options for processing natural stone, as well as a wide range of color solutions.

Prices and availability of material can be clarified by phone.