Toxicosis during pregnancy early dates: how to deal with it

The joy of a woman who has discovered that she will soon become a mother is often overshadowed by the deterioration in health that follows this news: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, intolerance to odors, hypersalivation ( increased salivation). These symptoms do not appear in everyone, but most expectant mothers have to experience at least some of the "charms" of this frequent companion pregnancy.

Toxicosis during early pregnancy is not necessarily manifested by nausea. He has many other "guises" - we will talk about them, as well as about the causes of toxicosis and ways to get rid of it.

1. signs
2. Why does toxicosis occur in the first trimester
3. Causes of toxicosis in the early stages
4. When does it start and end
5. Absence of toxicosis during pregnancy
6. Boy or girl: signs and medical point vision
7. Is it possible to prevent the occurrence
8. How to alleviate the condition and how to deal
9. Severe toxicosis
10. Health care
11. Diet and Nutrition

How toxicosis manifests itself in the early stages

Toxicosis of pregnant women is a complex of symptoms observed in women who are expecting a child, associated with the adaptation of the mother's body to the fetus that has "settled" in it.

Signs of toxicosis in early pregnancy:

• nausea and vomiting;
• apathy;
• intolerance to certain odors;
• perversion taste preferences or just change taste preferences(for example, a woman begins to eat pickles with ice cream, or a lover suddenly no longer tolerates it and greedily pounces on previously unloved bananas).

Symptoms of toxicosis are not always standard. TO typical manifestations include morning toxicosis and evening (if a woman goes to bed on a full stomach). After vomiting, relief usually occurs.

At an early stage, toxicosis is normal in this way. Toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy has other signs.

• dermatoses (skin rashes, itching);
• ptyalism (increased salivation);
• increased appetite.

In the latter case, a woman cannot endure a state of hunger either in the morning or in the evening. Many people think that their appetite simply increases due to the formation of the fetus, but in fact it looks like this. special form toxicosis. It is hunger that provokes a feeling of nausea, which disappears after eating (biscuits, crackers).

Ptyalism, which torments a woman at the beginning of the period of bearing a child and frequent vomiting (more than 8 times a day), are dangerous due to dehydration in its extreme manifestations.

One of the severe forms is bronchial asthma. Fortunately, it is extremely rare.

Why toxicosis occurs in the first months of the coexistence of the mother and fetus, doctors still cannot say for sure.

Doctors divide the causes of early toxicosis of pregnant women into:

• hormonal;
• immunological;
• neuro-psychological.

Another reason for early toxicosis of pregnant women is women: the body of the fetus is a foreign protein, because two people are involved in its conception: a man and a woman, so the maternal immune cells “defenders” are trying to deal with the “stranger”. But nature is reasonable and in the early stages the immune system undergoes changes, the overall immune response decreases, but locally - at the site of implantation is activated. This happens during pregnancy at its most early stages until the placenta is formed, and with it the fetoplacental barrier.

Toxicosis also occurs due to the "unaccustomed" concentration of hormones: and. An increase in their level affects the subcortical substance of the brain. At the beginning of pregnancy, the restructuring of the nervous system begins: it does not have time to adapt to the powerful and cardinal hormonal changes that occur in the early stages.

First of all, the most vulnerable centers responsible for vomiting reflex and salivation. Therefore, toxicosis of pregnant women begins with these symptoms (vomiting, nausea, sometimes saliva flows into in large numbers, disturbed well-being).

But all these manifestations are transient and, in most cases, do not require treatment, they end on their own by m. At this time, the formation of the placenta ends, it takes over the hormonal processes and the toxicosis phenomenon stops. The expectant mother has cheerfulness and a good mood.

In addition, progesterone has a relaxing effect on the muscles of the uterus so that it does not contract and “throw out” the fetus. The smooth muscle apparatus of the intestine also relaxes, the contents linger in it. The gastrointestinal tract works slowly, poorly removes metabolic products. As a result, women develop toxicosis.

Psychological reasons: a woman may be nervous (moreover, she may experience anxiety at a subconscious level, this does not appear outwardly) about changing her social status. She is worried about material side, fears for the health and well-being of the unborn child. All this leads to unpleasant symptoms of toxicosis. In women who are calm for themselves and for their child, toxicosis passes faster and does not manifest itself so clearly. Practice shows that women who are active in the workplace, managers, entrepreneurs, on whose shoulders there is a burden of responsibility, toxicosis develops earlier and lasts longer.

When does toxicosis begin during early pregnancy

Early toxicosis of pregnant women begins when fertilized egg firmly fixed in the wall of the uterus and begins to secrete the substances produced by it into the blood of the mother's body. Usually it is the fifth or.

Sometimes women experience lightheadedness from the first days of delay. How long toxicosis lasts and when it ends - individually for each pregnant woman. But by the end of the first trimester, the situation should return to normal.

Ginger is also used in pure form- not necessarily as a component of the drink. To make it easier to survive difficult period first trimester, have a piece of ginger root handy: chew it in Hard time or just rub your tongue with it. A sharp attack of lightheadedness will help a piece of ice that you need to hold in your mouth. Make ice ahead of time.

The above measures will help eliminate toxicosis if it is mild, and alleviate its symptoms if the doctor has established an average degree of toxicosis.

signs medium degree:

• persistent or frequent nausea;
• vomiting up to 10 times a day;
• weight loss up to 3 kg.

Toxicosis can become especially strong if a woman is forced to go to work, where she has to constantly be in suspense. Then stop manifestations pathological condition often it can only happen in a hospital. At home, you can only ease the attacks, reduce the intensity of the symptoms, but you will not be able to cope with severe toxicosis on your own. You can save yourself from terrible severe toxicosis and save the fetus only in the hospital.

Severe toxicosis in early pregnancy

The causes of severe toxicosis in the early stages are jumps hormonal background, the presence of chronic diseases in a pregnant woman. Although again it should be noted that no one can name the exact reasons yet.

Severe toxicosis in early pregnancy is expressed in:

• vomiting up to 20 times a day;
• apathetic state;
• dehydration;
• arrhythmias;
• hypotension;
• sudden weight loss.

The clinical parameters of the blood worsen: the level of leukocytes rises, due to dehydration, the level of creatinine and urea increases. Severe toxicosis during pregnancy requires urgent medical intervention. Terrible toxicosis on - threatens with a miscarriage, as well as a serious deterioration in the condition of the patient herself.

Treatment in a hospital helps to remove even the strongest toxicosis. In the future, the pregnant woman will have to be especially attentive to her condition, since there is a risk of late toxicosis during the third trimester.

Treatment

Medical care for toxicosis in the early stages consists in prescribing special drugs that normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and help eliminate toxins from the body.

The fight against toxicosis in early pregnancy begins with the placement of the patient in a hospital and examination.

One of the main drugs that quickly relieve vomiting is cerucal. If a woman does not have a temperature (and with an average degree there is subfebrile condition) and more or less normal performance blood, there is enough cerucal in tablets and an entersorbent (for example, enterosgel).

Quickly relieve the symptoms of intoxication and dehydration helps intravenous drip of saline, glucose, saline solutions: Ringer and others (you need to put droppers).

If observed rare forms toxicosis (for example, without vomiting, but with bright skin manifestations), treatment must be adjusted with the participation of narrow specialists (for example, a dermatologist and an allergist).

Often used for moderate and severe toxicosis such medicines:

• hofitol;
• polysorb;
• cocculin;
• zofran;
• metoclopramide;
• essentiale forte.

Hofitol protects the liver from damage. It well reduces the level of urea in the blood, improves the blood supply to the placenta. Acts as a mild diuretic and choleretic.

Polysorb, enterosgel, as well as filtrum and smectite are adsorbents that absorb metabolic products and gently remove them. Medicines are not absorbed into the blood and are absolutely safe for the fetus. The doctor prescribes the dosage.

No-shpa is a safe and indirectly helping drug for toxicosis. It relieves spasms of the digestive tract. Drink it should be on the recommendation of a gynecologist.

It is difficult to completely cure toxicosis of the first trimester. But you can remove many of the symptoms and thereby make your life easier. Over time, toxicosis should go away on its own. This happens in the second trimester.

The nutrition of pregnant women with toxicosis in the early stages has its own characteristics. Some special strict diet you do not need to comply, but you should adjust your diet as best as possible.

During the first three months, in order to prevent attacks of severe toxicosis, it is necessary to facilitate the work of the intestines as much as possible, for which eat more fruits and vegetables, and reduce the volume of meat.

It is easier to survive toxicosis if you eat fractionally, that is, divide food into small portions and snack often and little by little, without waiting strong feeling hunger.

Food must contain all necessary for the fetus substances. Lean on dairy products: kefir, cottage cheese, cottage cheese casserole. Can be made liquid semolina- for some reason, for some, it helps well to escape from nausea and not lose weight.

No need to force yourself to eat - if there is no appetite, you have to wait, chew a piece of ginger, peel or lemon.

But you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day, especially if you have vomiting. escape from morning sickness you can freeze an ice cube with lemon juice and swallow it in the morning on an empty stomach. Only the cube should be very small.

Proper nutrition should help prevent the development of toxicosis. But there is no single recipe for everyone. Choose products, arrange them the way you like, even if they are strange and wild at first glance, find your own way to cope with negative manifestations. And remember: early toxicosis is normal. He does not talk about the danger of miscarriage and other pathologies. Just maternal and children's organisms adapt to each other. You have to be patient and everything will be fine. Only severe cases with a potential threat to life require a visit to a doctor. But, fortunately, they are rare.

“Toxicosis” is one of the most popular words for early pregnancy. Often this condition begins before a woman finds out that she is expecting a child. Toxicosis, of course, is not fatal, but, according to doctors, it is a pathology that healthy woman should not be. Yes, it happens, and not infrequently, just like that, when in 5 pregnancies a woman has never vomited. But practice, unfortunately, shows that most women still have happy event overshadowed by this very toxicosis.

What is early toxicosis?

Early toxicosis occurs at 1-3 months of pregnancy and is accompanied by a decrease in appetite, nausea, salivation, vomiting, lowering blood pressure, an unusual reaction to odors. That is, the concept of "toxicosis" is not equal to the concept of "vomiting", as some believe. To call toxicosis a disease is not entirely correct. It is rather special condition due to certain reasons.

Causes of early toxicosis

But what are these reasons, doctors still cannot agree on a common opinion. Some consider it a protective reaction of the expectant mother to foreign cells in her body ("daddy's part", for example), others - a manifestation of an unhealthy liver and gastrointestinal tract, others - by improper processing of impulses coming from the fetal egg to the mother's nervous system, the fourth - by the "violence" of hormones. The generally accepted statement on this matter says that toxicosis in the early stages occurs when the mechanism of adaptation of a woman's body to pregnancy is violated. They also claim that they predispose to the development of toxicosis of thyroid disease, malnutrition, nervous strain.

But both doctors and psychologists agree on one thing: supposedly nausea arises as a result of a woman’s rejection of her new position, that is, toxicosis has a psychological background. Experts claim that future mother may not be aware of this and may not feel at all psychological discomfort. In this case, the help of a psychologist is very important.

First aid for toxicosis

In fact, it can be overcome. If this option suits you, then be patient and wait. In most cases, by the 12-13th week of pregnancy, the symptoms of toxicosis disappear. However, this phenomenon can be quite effectively dealt with.

At drug therapy nausea, the doctor will most likely prescribe, and if necessary - hofitol, no-shpu, valerian, etc., from homeopathy - candles "Viburkol". Herbal decoctions are also effective. For example, and reduce the feeling of nausea, refresh. With profuse salivation, it is useful to rinse your mouth with a decoction of oak bark.

Features of nutrition in toxicosis

In case of toxicosis, it is necessary to eat in small portions on average every 2 hours. Food should be somewhat chilled, easy to digest, not include fried, fatty, spicy dishes. The main diet should be meat - young veal, chicken, rabbit, fish; dairy products (especially useful for breakfast) - non-fat cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt - that is, you should put pressure on rich in proteins and carbohydrate food. A special place in your diet should now be occupied by fresh vegetables and fruits. Porridges are useful, you can take dry breakfasts.

Before eating or immediately after waking up (you can get out of bed), drink a small glass warm water- better mineral, but without gas. Drink water in small sips. Do not forget to drink enough (at least 1.5-2 liters per day). The fluid maintains a normal volume of circulating blood, it is also necessary to maintain normal, prevent dehydration.

Especially useful are cranberry juice, chamomile tea, green tea with lemon, mineral water(without gas!), carrot and apple juice, also: celery juice, beetroot. Do not use acidic - orange, tangerine - juices. Permissibly - grapefruit and pomegranate.

Do not abuse, and even better, exclude salty and fatty foods. It would be nice to forget about chocolate for a while.

And one more thing: do not force yourself to eat when you do not feel like it. Do not force your body, as you may not like its response at all.

Exercise and behavior in toxicosis

Now is the time to do yoga for pregnant women. These exercises will help normalize the work of the stomach, liver, kidneys. At regular workouts vascular tone is strengthened, headaches, dizziness disappear. In the classes you will be taught special breathing that will help you relax and will be extremely useful in childbirth.

Spend more time outdoors and, if possible, limit your stay in stuffy rooms. Also try long time do not sit at the computer, and choose clothes that do not restrict movement.

Take baths with sea ​​salt. Don't forget to drink (vitamin B6 and ascorbic acid), but before taking them, it is still better to consult a doctor.

Then forget about this addiction, which, first of all, harms the unborn baby. Also avoid passive smoking.

Also, don't forget to rest. You need it now more than ever!

Especially for- Ksenia Dakhno

Toxicosis - disease state a person, accompanied by intoxication of the body under the action of toxic substances on it. The problem is faced by most women during the period of bearing a child. It becomes the cause of poor health of the expectant mother and severe forms may require hospitalization. Most often, toxicosis occurs during early pregnancy and lasts for several months until the end of the first trimester - 11-13 weeks.

The manifestation of toxicosis in a pregnant woman, on average, begins from the moment when the fetal egg attaches to the wall of the uterus and hormones are produced. This is a period of 4-5 weeks. However, sometimes the condition of the expectant mother worsens even before toxicosis manifests itself at 2-3 weeks of pregnancy.

Causes

It is difficult to answer the question why toxicosis appears in the first weeks of pregnancy. For many scientists, this phenomenon remains a little-studied issue.

Gynecologists identify several likely causes:

1. Defensive reaction. A fetal egg attached to the wall of the uterus is perceived by the woman's body as a foreign object. The immune system trying by all means to get rid of it, produces antibodies that provoke toxicosis.
2. Hormonal surge. From the first minutes of conception, a woman's body begins to produce - an indicator of the presence and successful development of pregnancy. By 6-11 weeks, it increases thousands of times. Such a high concentration of the hormone affects the central nervous system, which does not have time to quickly get used to changes in the body, perceives them as a negative factor.
3. The emotional state of a woman. Fears, worries, negative feelings, self-hypnosis lead to the fact that a pregnant woman, on a subconscious level, sets herself up, her body for poor health in advance. During pregnancy, the central nervous system changes greatly. The centers of the brain, which are responsible for the gag reflex, sense of smell, and the work of the gastrointestinal tract, function in an enhanced mode.
4. hereditary factor. If other women related line suffered from toxicosis, then the expectant mother will also certainly encounter this disease.
5. Chronic infections, diseases. Women with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, of cardio-vascular system more susceptible to toxicity. Proper lifestyle plays a big role bad habits.

People say that the manifestation of toxicosis depends on who the pregnant woman expects - a boy or a girl. If a son, then the painful condition will pass quickly and imperceptibly. If a girl, then the expectant mother will suffer from the manifestation of toxicosis throughout the first trimester. However, this belief is considered unverified, scientifically unproven.

Toxicosis during early pregnancy: symptoms

The expectant mother should know how toxicosis manifests itself in the early stages of pregnancy in order to be prepared for its manifestations, and take measures in time to alleviate the condition.

• nausea, vomiting, copious excretion saliva;
• weakness, drowsiness, dizziness;
• skin rash, itching;
• loss of appetite;
• mood swings, irritability.

At normal development pregnancy symptoms of nausea, vomiting occur several times a day, often in the morning or evening time. These symptoms do not violate the general condition, do not endanger the health of the mother and the unborn child.

With attacks of vomiting 10-15 times a day, a sharp loss in weight, dehydration, a decrease in blood pressure, a pregnant woman is hospitalized in a hospital. Doctors will conduct the necessary diagnostics, prescribe treatment and physiotherapy to restore and maintain the body of the expectant mother.

How long does it last and when does it stop?

Pregnancy of each woman is a purely individual process. It is impossible to determine the duration and time of cessation of toxicosis.

On average, signs this phenomenon continue until the placenta is formed. This is approximately the end of the first trimester - the beginning of the second (12-14 weeks).

What are the possible complications?

Signs of toxicosis can be observed in every second pregnant woman. In some, it proceeds in a mild form, limited to nausea, sometimes vomiting, slight weight loss, mild malaise, dizziness. This condition is familiar and absolutely safe for the health of mother and child.

In others, toxicosis manifests itself in a complicated form. If it is not treated for early stage, it can provoke dangerous complications:

• rapid weight loss, dehydration that occurs with severe vomiting (10-15 times a day);
• violation of the activity of the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, which leads to panic, depressive state, yellowness of the skin;
• lowering blood pressure, tachycardia;
• high levels of acetone in the analysis of blood, urine;
• , which occurs closer to the third trimester, can lead to placental abruption and the death of the baby.

All of these phenomena require urgent hospitalization of the pregnant woman and appointment necessary treatment depending on the severity of the course of toxicosis. At the very running form a decision may be made to have an abortion on the advice of a doctor.

On the video about the manifestations of toxicosis

Treatment

Only the attending gynecologist can help with complicated forms of toxicosis in the first months of pregnancy. He will spend everything necessary tests, appoint medications aimed at normalizing the work of the gastrointestinal tract and removing toxins from the body.

To quickly relieve symptoms and ease the well-being of a pregnant woman, doctors prescribe:

• medicines in the form of tablets, suspensions;
• intravenous drip of glucose, saline or saline.

Most effective drugs with toxicosis:

• Hofitol, Essentiale forte - herbal remedies, which have a choleretic and antioxidant effect.
• Cerucal, Zofran, Metoclopramide - drugs that stop vomiting attacks, normalize the digestive tract.
• Enterosgel, Filtrum, Polisorb and other sorbents. Means remove toxins, pathogenic microbes, harmful chemicals from the intestines and the body, normalize the work of the stomach, liver, kidneys.
• Valerian or motherwort - used as depressant, with insomnia for a good sleep, reducing the tone of the uterus.
• Kokkulin, Riboxin - drugs that stimulate metabolism, which has a positive effect on the health of the baby and mother.

It is difficult, almost impossible, to completely get rid of toxicosis in the first weeks of pregnancy. However, when the right way life, giving up bad habits, many symptoms can be weakened, thereby facilitating the course of pregnancy. This is especially true for women who are not subject to acute form illness. By using balanced diet food, folk remedies you can normalize the general condition of the expectant mother.

Compliance proper diet nutrition will help a woman get rid of or at least prevent bouts of nausea and vomiting on initial terms pregnancy.

1. Give up fatty, fried, salty, smoked, spicy foods, carbonated drinks, coffee, reduce the amount of meat in your diet, increase the intake of fruits and vegetables.
2. Increase the consumption of dairy products, fish.
3. Drink at least 1.5 liters of pure water
4. Use fractional meals, snack often so that there is no feeling of hunger.
5. Do not eat a lot of sweets, flour products.
6. Chew food slowly, do not rush.

At an early stage of pregnancy, you can eat a little of everything, do not deny yourself anything.

The main thing is that the food is digested and useful for the expectant mother and baby.

Folk remedies

With a mild form of toxicosis, herbal remedies from traditional medicine can be used to relieve the feeling of nausea, vomiting.

Because of natural origin they will not harm the health of the unborn child:

• ginger tea or a mixture of ginger, lemon juice, honey;
• mint tea;
• raspberry leaf tea;
• fennel seed decoction;
• decoction with the addition of cumin;
• spicy clove sticks;
• a small amount of citrus fruits (lemon, orange, tangerine);
• rosehip decoction.

These funds can only make you feel better with toxicosis. It is worth finding an effective substance that will help.

Can development be prevented?

Prevention of toxicosis - necessary measures which will prevent the appearance of unpleasant symptoms. For this you should:

• remove from the diet all foods with spicy, bad smell, including spices, herbs;
• stick to active image life, fulfill physical exercise, walk a lot in the fresh air;
• eat right, eat in small portions, give up bad habits;
• have on hand a slice of lemon or purified water with the addition of lemon juice;
• in the morning, without getting out of bed, chew a handful of nuts, cookies;
• drink clean water after waking up and during the day.

Toxicosis in early pregnancy is a common occurrence and occurs in most expectant mothers. It is important for every woman to know how to deal with its manifestations, and preventive measures.

It seems that there is not a single expectant mother who would not have met with toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy. And the stories of giving birth to girlfriends can fill the entire period of pregnancy with gloomy expectations.

Toxicosis during pregnancy can be expressed in different ways: from mild morning sickness to vomiting 3-10 times a day, which requires medical supervision and treatment. There are several signs of toxicosis, but the most noticeable and painful is nausea, sometimes causing real suffering.

Why does toxicosis appear?

Start of pregnancy - time big changes and a very moving moment.

Causes of toxicosis in early pregnancy:

1. hormonal changes in the body;
2. woman's fears and anxieties, her heightened emotionality, even in the case of an expected pregnancy, therefore, the "expulsion" of toxicosis is largely in the hands of the expectant mother herself;
3. maternal immune response.

• The level of hormones in the blood rises quickly, but nervous system does not have time to rebuild after them;
• As a result, the functions of special parts of the brain - the so-called subcortical nuclei - are impaired;
• They become active special zones, which act on the vomiting centers and there is a painful symptom of nausea;
• An embryo or a fetal egg is a foreign body for the mother's body, which a woman carries for several months, and pregnancy itself is stressful;
• During the life of the fetus, certain organic substances are released into the blood;
• Toxicosis is the body's response to their appearance. The manifestation of this response is akin to poisoning: it causes bouts of nausea, vomiting and general deterioration well-being.

It is no coincidence that this condition is called toxicosis: from the word "toxin" - a poison of biological origin. But, of course, toxicosis in the first trimester of pregnancy is not poisoning. Rather special individual condition, a kind of protective reaction of the female body.

In the "risk group" for toxicosis are women over the age of 35, with gynecological diseases, surgeries and abortions in the past, diseases of the kidneys and (or) liver, endocrine disorders, smokers.

When does toxicity occur?

Many women are concerned about the question of when does toxicosis begin during early pregnancy?

1. A normal pregnancy is characterized by the appearance of the first signs of toxicosis from the 4th week to the 8th;
2. Some mothers notice its signs literally from the first days of the delay and even a little earlier.

Know! mild nausea in early pregnancy - normal phenomenon. It starts on the 5th or 6th week, reaching a peak by the 12th, but does not need additional medical attention, but requires a calm attitude of the pregnant woman herself. Most difficult period toxicosis can last no more than 2 weeks.

The described phenomena accompany far from every pregnancy, and many women are practically unfamiliar with toxicosis.

When the toxicosis passes

The question of how long toxicosis lasts during pregnancy and what its severity depends on is very individual. By the 16th week, as a rule, early toxicosis stops and there is a noticeable improvement in the condition.

At this time, the formation of the placenta ends. It softens the "hormonal attack" and the most unpleasant symptoms toxicosis, because it is a kind of blood filter.

The duration and manifestations of toxicosis depend on:

• health status of a woman before pregnancy;
• her lifestyle, diet, bad habits;
• ecological situation in the area of ​​residence;
• heredity.

Confident, balanced women who have the opportunity not to go to work suffer less from toxicosis.

Women forced to work, especially those in leadership positions, suffer from toxicosis longer and it is more pronounced in them. It is also believed that women with asthenic constitution are more susceptible to toxicosis: tall, thin, with long fingers, arms and legs.

What complicates toxicosis

Ideally, if you are preparing for pregnancy and know in advance about existing chronic diseases. Every tenth woman has symptoms of nausea associated with diseases of the digestive tract.

Know! If you had disorders in the work of the stomach, liver or pancreas, then the situation with toxicosis may worsen.

1. The uterus begins to grow and the organs in abdominal cavity forced to adapt to a new situation;
2. The growth of the uterus can cause a change in the position and shape of the stomach, which, in turn, can lead to fluctuations in the acidity of the gastric juice. They often cause metallic taste in the mouth and faintness in the morning;
3. Squeezing the gallbladder and ducts can make it difficult for bile to enter the digestive tract, causing bitterness in the mouth and the urge to vomit (read the article on the topic: Bitterness in the mouth during pregnancy >>>);
4. Hormonal changes can cause a lack of a special pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats. As a result, fatty foods will be less digestible and will cause poor health;
5. The most dangerous cause of nausea for a pregnant woman, sharp frightening dizziness can be vascular spasms and fluctuations. blood pressure, which she may mistakenly take for manifestations of toxicosis.

Therefore, the doctor monitors blood pressure at each visit to him (read on the topic: What tests are taken during pregnancy?>>>).

When to worry

Toxicosis, which inspires doctors with real concern, can occur from the 18th week of pregnancy. Its signs are:

• incessant lightheadedness and painful vomiting up to 5-6 times a day;
• proteinuria - the presence of protein in the urine;
• complete inability to eat;
• lack of weight gain;
• a sharp deterioration in well-being;
• swelling spreading from the feet (more about swelling of the legs during pregnancy >>>);
• increase in blood pressure.

Attention! Cases of severe uncontrolled vomiting require medical supervision in a hospital and individually selected treatment.

How to treat toxicosis

How to deal with toxicosis during pregnancy? There is no special treatment for toxicosis of pregnant women, but in no case should you endure its debilitating symptoms. Help for toxicosis depends on specific signs, health status and is always individual.

The efforts of the doctor in severe cases of toxicosis are aimed at:

1. blocking the centers of the brain that are responsible for the appearance of nausea;
2. maintaining the body's water metabolism;
3. maintenance of organs of concern: most often it is the stomach, liver and kidneys.

When dealing with a future mother, the doctor cannot use the full arsenal of medicines, therefore, in general case get by with appointment sedatives on plant-based, a number of physio- and acupuncture procedures.

What will help with toxicosis?

A universal remedy for toxicosis during pregnancy has not yet been found. Help to overcome painful bouts of nausea helps A complex approach to the problem: physical activity, fresh air and pleasurable food.

Important! Any product that does not cause rejection and nausea that affects specific sensitive points tongue - sour, tart, astringent, intense mouth breathing, switching attention helps to reduce the severity of the attack.

In difficult times, the way out may be:

• sour candy;
• a handful of dried fruits;
• a slice of fragrant orange, ginger, a slice of persimmon;
• a glass of weak tea, preferably green, and it should be drunk in several doses, in small sips;
• freshly squeezed fruit and berry juices, which help relieve nausea associated with toxicosis during pregnancy, are also saturated with vitamins.

The only thing that you don’t need to do with toxicosis during pregnancy is to starve. With toxicosis, eating in small portions helps well. You shouldn't feel hungry. Let there always be a muesli bar, a dryer or an apple in your purse.

Honey is a real natural medicine that contains many trace elements that are vital for a future mother. A spoonful of natural honey taken on an empty stomach will be perfectly absorbed and calm the stomach (read the article

According to statistics, manifestations of toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy (first trimester) are recorded in 50% of expectant mothers. Until now, there are disputes in the medical environment about how to qualify toxicosis: as a natural reaction of the body to the birth of a new life, or as a pathology. The need to suppress toxicosis and the level of danger of this condition for the fetus and mother is determined individually depending on the symptoms that occur, their frequency and general condition organism. Some women tolerate early preeclampsia (another medical name for toxicosis) easily, for others this condition makes life much more difficult.

It is impossible to know in advance what this period will be in an individual case: the relationship between the frequency and depth of manifestations of toxicosis with heredity, physical activity and lifestyle has not yet been proven. In the same way, before conception, it is impossible to determine exactly when the expectant mother will visit the first symptoms of early preeclampsia. In most cases (in 7 out of 10 women), they occur at 4-5 weeks. One expectant mother out of 10 "nauseas" is visited earlier - at 3 weeks. At normal flow pregnancy, this uncomfortable period ends with the end of the first trimester - at 12-14 weeks.

The specific dates for the end of toxicosis, as well as its beginning, are strictly individual, but if there is no relief by the end of the first trimester, this is an occasion to urgently notify your gynecologist about this.

The classic manifestation of the disease is the state of nausea, which occurs most often in the morning and is not always accompanied by vomiting. It is on this basis that, in the presence of a delay in menstruation, our grandmothers determined the “interesting situation”.

Other symptoms of early toxicosis, which in most cases go in addition to nausea, are:

• pathological drowsiness during the day while maintaining the norm of night sleep;
• ptyalism (intense salivation, leading to dehydration of the body. During the day, a persistent feeling of fullness of saliva persists in the mouth, prompting you to constantly spit it out);
• aggravated reaction to odors. Aromas that were previously commonplace become unbearable during the period of toxicosis;
• increased acidity of the stomach;
• general weakness of the body.

Separately, vomiting should be distinguished - this symptom qualifies the severity of early toxicosis:

• light;
• medium (moderate);
• heavy.

In pregnant women, vomiting may occur spontaneously, without regard to food intake or the action of external stimuli. Some expectant mothers vomit even from a sip of water.

Characteristics mild degree early toxicosis:

• vomiting no more than 5 times a day;
• the general condition improves immediately after the disposal of vomit;
• vomiting does not occur immediately after eating;
• weight remains normal (weight loss up to 5% of the total mass is considered normal).

The average degree of toxicosis is characterized by more frequent vomiting(from 5 to 15 times a day), while the process becomes painful, accompanied by prolonged muscle spasms. With an average degree, dehydration of the body is observed, caused by profuse salivation. Also, the average degree is fraught with a noticeable weight loss (from 5 to 15%) of body weight - this is due to the fact that the consumed products do not have time to be absorbed. Flaw nutrients can have a very negative impact on the development of the fetus, because it is in the first trimester that the active formation of vital organs begins. Therefore, with an average degree of toxicosis, infusion therapy is recommended to compensate for the balance of nutrients.

Hospitalization is not always necessary - if the condition is not complicated by other symptoms, a daily dropper is sufficient.

With a severe degree of early toxicosis, a woman is prompted to vomit literally every half hour. Eating becomes impossible, because the body does not even absorb liquid. In this case, it is required immediate hospitalization expectant mother to maintain pregnancy. Along with infusion therapy, drugs that depress the excitability of the digestive tract are used to alleviate the symptoms of severe toxicosis.

At risk of severe toxicosis are women who suffered from acute or chronic illnesses before pregnancy. digestive system, untreated before conception.

Underground toxicosis: theories and facts

Despite the huge amount of research, scientists have not yet decided to identify the exact cause of early toxicosis. There are several hypotheses that one way or another explain the ins and outs of this state:

• hormonal;
• psychological;
• immune.

The hormonal theory is based on the effect on the body of a future mother of hormones that were not previously produced in it. In particular, this chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), the amount of which grows exponentially in the first weeks of pregnancy, when the fetal membrane is formed. When the placenta is fully formed, hCG hormone ceases to be a foreign element in the body - this usually happens at 12-14 weeks (for most women, by this time, the symptoms of toxicosis fade away or disappear completely). Until that time, the body perceives this hormone as a poison and fights it all. possible ways. Another hormone that is actively produced in the first trimester is progesterone. It is present in the body before pregnancy, but in much smaller quantities.

The psychological theory explains the occurrence of toxicosis by the body's reaction to the negative emotions that the expectant mother subconsciously experiences. Indeed, in addition to the joy of realizing approaching motherhood, a woman is visited by a whole “bouquet” of phobias: fear of giving birth, fear of missed pregnancy, fear of being helpless, losing a job, etc. According to psychological theory, the body fights stress by trying to influence its source, namely the fetus. Toxicosis in this case is a protective reaction of the mother's body.

The essence of the immune theory is similar to the hormonal one, only in this case the body considers not individual hormones as alien, but the whole fetus. The mother's immune system starts the processes responsible for the onset of symptoms of early toxicosis.

Toxicosis is a temporary phenomenon, but this does not mean that you need to stoically endure all the inconveniences and wait for the cherished 12 weeks. It is possible to alleviate its course, and in individual cases, completely remove all the symptoms if you follow a series of simple recommendations. First of all, they are associated with the nature of the nutrition of the expectant mother.

1. Eat only what the body accepts. There is no list of products recommended in early pregnancy for everyone without exception! Some pregnant women absorb kilograms of apples, while others cannot look at them without nausea. The criterion for evaluating the usefulness of a product should be the body's reaction to its appearance and smell. No need to absorb food through force - this will only provoke another bout of vomiting. But at the same time, exclude from the menu products that traditionally provoke nausea - these are fatty, spicy, smoked, oversweetened dishes.
2. Small portions are your salvation. The peristalsis of the digestive tract during pregnancy changes, it is difficult for them to cope with the usual portions of food. Therefore, even after a small snack, there is a feeling of complete satiety. Daily diet it is better to divide at least 6 receptions. You can forget about the diet at this time - eat as soon as you are hungry, even if eating after 6 was previously taboo.
3. Save water balance. IN light condition nausea usually does not want to drink, but put the body daily 1.5 liters. fluids are desirable. To make it easier to maintain balance, diversify drinks - during the day drink water, juices, teas, fruit drinks, so that there is no disgust for something specific.
4. Often, morning sickness, combined with dizziness, causes particular discomfort - after all, during the night the body has used up energy reserves and is weakened. To reduce these unpleasant feelings, do not get out of bed without a morning "exercise" in the form of biscuits or crackers with warm tea. You need to eat it reclining without getting out of bed, and then lie down for another 15-20 minutes. During this time, the digestive tract will begin to work and the feeling of nausea will come to naught.
5. During the day, mints or Tic-Tac dragees will help fight the arising bouts of nausea. They can be replaced with citrus slices or crackers.
6. "Feed" with vitamins. The appointment of vitamin complexes during pregnancy is not at all a tribute to fashion. Not all of the women, even before toxicosis, consume the right amount of vitamins and minerals necessary to ensure a full-fledged metabolism. What can we say about the period of toxicosis, when only a certain part of it is absorbed from the food taken during the day? Particularly affects the early stages of fetal development deficiency folic acid(vitamin B9).

In addition to following dietary recommendations, early toxicosis important to keep motor activity(if there are no contraindications). Intensive loads, if any were practiced before pregnancy, are best replaced with long walks in the fresh air.

If toxicosis ended suddenly ...

The abrupt cessation of the symptoms of early gestosis before the end of the first trimester often causes anxiety, and even panic. Mom's forums add fuel to the fire, where home-grown experts "authoritatively" classify the abrupt end of toxicosis as a missed pregnancy. In fact, in such cases, it is just the gradual extinction of symptoms that is characteristic - the shell of an already dead fetus continues to produce hormones that act on the body as irritants for some time. And the rapid relief that comes is often just a break between the production of the next portion of hormones and after a while the signs of toxicosis will again make themselves felt.

If the anxiety does not let go, it is reasonable to visit the doctor leading your pregnancy - even if unscheduled. Usually he prescribes a blood test for the hCG hormone in dynamics - in comparison with the norm certain week the viability of the fetus can be determined. Particularly suspicious can do an unscheduled ultrasound and check the heartbeat of a lump of life.